Chapter 2

Question 1

is the fundamental unit of life

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

There are three basic types of cells:

Answer 2

Prokaryotic cells: bacteria and archaea.
Eukaryotic.

Question 3

All eukaryotes have three basic parts:

Answer 3

Plasma membrane.
Cytoplasm.
Nucleus.

Question 4

composed mainly of phospholipids and proteins, allow certain material to move across them.

Answer 4

Cell membranes

Question 5

From an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Answer 5

Movement Across Membranes

Question 6

Movement Across Membranes
Examples include:

Answer 6

Simple diffusion.
Facilitated diffusion.
Osmosis and filtration.

Question 7

The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane, from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration, is

Answer 7

osmosis

Question 8

is just a special type of diffusion, not a different method.

Answer 8

Osmosis

Question 9

Three types of carrier proteins:

Answer 9

Uniporters.
Symporters.
Antiporters.

Question 10

the sum of all cellular reactions energy is the capacity to do work.

Answer 10

Metabolism

Question 11

is the molecule that makes energy available within all cells.

Answer 11

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 12

are the organelles most responsible for energy conversions.

Answer 12

Mitochondria

Question 13

is the energy currency of the cell.

Answer 13

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 14

are catalysts that do not get incorporated into the products of their reaction.

Answer 14

Enzymes

Question 15

The first set of reactions animals use to harvest energy occurs in the cytoplasm.

Answer 15

Glycolysis and Fermentation

Question 16

is a versatile set of metabolic pathways—the pathways can do much more than metabolize glucose

Answer 16

Cellular respiration

Question 17

is a preasembly point for ribosomes. The Information Center

Answer 17

nucleus

Question 18

unknown function

Answer 18

Vaults

Question 19

A series of channels that transports proteins.
Also stores enzymes and proteins.
A site of ribosome attachment (figure 2.15).

Answer 19

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER):

Question 20

There are two types of ER:

Answer 20

Smooth ER.
Rough ER.

Question 21

A collection of membranes associated physically and functionally with the ER.

Answer 21

Golgi Apparatus

Question 22

Golgi Apparatus. who discovered it in 1898?

Answer 22

Camillo Golgi

Question 23

Membranous sacs.
Part of endomembrane system.
Varied functions in different cells.
Collect and pump water.
Storage of food.

Answer 23

Vacuoles

Question 24

Membrane bound spherical organelles.
contain acid hydrolase enzymes that break down:
Extracellular material.
Waste intracellular organic molecules.
Worn organelles.

Answer 24

Lysosomes

Question 25

Additional process that move molecules across membranes include:

Answer 25

Endocytosis. Pinocytosis. Phagocytosis. Receptor-mediated endocytosis.

Question 26

Microbodies are membrane-enclosed vesicles that contain a variety of enzymes.

Answer 26

Peroxisomes

Question 27

Microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments make up the cytoskeleton of the cell.

Answer 27

Cytoskeleton

Question 28

functions in transport, support, and movement of structures in the cell such as organelles and chromosomes.

Answer 28

cytoskeleton

Question 29

are appendages on the surface of some cells and function in movement.

Answer 29

Cilia and flagella

Question 30

may also act as a signal antenna for the cell.

Answer 30

Cilia

Question 31

Groups of cells that have similar structure and embryonic origin. Perform a specialized function. Animals may have up to four tissue types:

Answer 31

Tissues