CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
Early humans migrated to the Philippines during the Pleistocene Epoch via land bridges connecting the islands to mainland Asia. They likely traveled from Borneo, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula through the Sundaland landmass.
Pre-Colonial Period
Early humans migrated to the Philippines during the _______
Pleistocene
Homo Luzonensis
The small-bodied hominin lived on the island of Luzon at least 50,000 to 67,000 years ago. Identified from a total of seven teeth and six small bones.
Discovered in 2007 at _______, Peñablanca, Cagayan Valley, Luzon, Philippines by a team led by Dr. _______ called as _____
- Callao Cave
- Armand Mijares. Also called as Callao Man.
________ Age
The small-bodied hominin lived on the island of Luzon at least ______ to ______ years ago. Identified from a total of seven teeth and six small bones.
- Pre-Colonial Period
Stone Age - Homo Luzonensis
- 50,000 to 67,000 years ago.
__________ Age
______
Fossilized remains of early modern humans (Homo sapiens) discovered in ______, Palawan by _______ and a team from National Museum in 1962.
- Tabon Man
- Tabon Cave, Palawan
- Dr. Robert Fox
Tabon Man
Fossilized remains of early modern humans (Homo sapiens) discovered in Tabon Cave, Palawan by Dr. Robert Fox and a team from National Museum in 1962.
These remains are among the earliest evidence of human presence in the Philippines, dating back ______ years ago.
47,000
________ Age
Excavated from _______, these tools were associated with butchered rhinoceros remains.
A unique proto-handaxe made from _____, from General Tinio, Nueva Ecija.
- Pre-Colonial Period
Stone - Rizal and Kalinga
- chert
________ Age
______
These were identified as scrapers, axes, points, knives, and hammers used in ________ and were found in ______
- Pre-Colonial Period
Stone - Stone Tools
- Paleolithic Period
- Tabon Cave, Palawan.
Pre-Colonial Period
Stone Age
Tool flakes made from _____, a sedimentary rock composed of ________.
Found in _____ a 400-meter-thick geological formation in the Cagayan Valley of the Philippines. This was dated in _______
- Stone Tool Flakes
- Chert
- microcrystalline
- Awidon Mesa Formation,
- Paleolithic Period
Pre-Colonial Period
Stone Age : ______
________
Jars made from _____ were used for _____.
Manunggul Jar, a National Cultural Treasure discovered by Dr. _______ in 1964 at Chamber A of Tabon Cave.
- Neolithic
- Earthenwares
- pottery, burial
- Dr. Robert Fox
Pre-Colonial Period
________ (c. 2,000–500 BCE)
This period marked the use of bronze tools, ______ and _____ were acquired through trade with _____ and Southeast Asia.
A notable artifact from this period is the ______, a circular ear ornament made of bronze, jade, or gold, symbolizing status and cultural connections with neighboring civilizations.
- Bronze Age
- weapons, and ornaments
- China
- lingling-o
Pre-Colonial Period
______ (500 BCE – 900 CE)
Early Filipinos adopted iron tools and weapons through Austronesian migration and trade with _____ and _____
Materials linked to iron smelting include lime, ____ adn ___, ___ and ____
- Iron Age
- South China and India.
- charcoal and coal, and coke.
Pre-Colonial Period
_____ (500 BCE – 900 CE)
Social Structure
* _____ – Leaders who governed communities.
*_____ – Warriors, farmers, and traders.
* ______ – Served the ruling class
* Alipin namamahay * Alipin sagigilid
- Iron Age
- Datu
- Timawa
- Oripun/Alipin
Pre-Colonial Period
_______ Period
______
Widely used by coastal groups since 16th century, were often inscribed on leaves using pigments, or on bamboos using sharp objects for engraving.
This was eventually replaced by the Roman alphabet but retained in the islands of _____ and _____ until today.
- Protohistoric
- Baybayin
- Roman alphabet
- Mindoro and Palawan
Pre-Colonial Period
________ Period
_________
Constructed by the Ifugao and recognized as a _______ heritage Site, it showcased advanced agricultural ______.
It follows the natural contours of the mountains to efficiently irrigate rice fields with water from nearby forests.
- Protohistoric
- Rice Terraces of Banaue
- UNESCO World
- engineering.
_________ Period
_____ and Architecture
Intramuros or the walled city of Manila, was the_____ of Spanish governance and the _____ of colonial administration.
Fortifications were built to defend against invasions like _______ and ________
- Spanish Colonial
- Infrastructure and Architecture
- center
- heart
- Fort Santiago and Baluarte de San Diego.
Pre-Colonial Period______
Period
________
A large, swift warship used by precolonial Filipinos, particularly the Visayans, for raiding, trade, and naval warfare.
- Protohistoric
- Caracoa
________ Period
______ - Filipinos were sent abroad to study.
1. ______
National hero who studied medicine in____, Paris, and Germany
- Spanish Colonial
- Education
- Jose Rizal
- Madrid
________ Period
_________ and Architecture
During the______ colonial period, churches became central to both religious and social life in the Philippines, often blending __________ with local influences.
- Spanish Colonial
- Infrastructure
- European architectural styles (Baroque)
- Spanish
- __________
In 1879, moved to ______ where he studied medicine at the Central University of Madrid but was unable to complete his degree due to ______
- Graciano Lopez Jaena
- Madrid, Spain,
- financial difficulties.
__________ Period
_______
Primarily focused on religious instruction, with the Catholic Church playing a central role in shaping the educational system.
- Spanish Colonial
- Education
- _________
Former senator who studied in____ and at the University of Ghent, earning a degree in chemical engineering with distinction. In Spain, he actively joined the Propaganda Movement.
- José Alejandrino
- Spain
- chemical engineering
_________ Period
Colonial Policy
________
A Spanish colonial policy in the Philippines that aimed to relocate indigenous populations from scattered rural settlements into centralized towns called _____.
Introduced in the late 16th century, it was designed to facilitate Christianization, taxation, and colonial governance.
- Spanish Colonial
- Reducción System
- pueblos
_________ Period
Colonial Policy
______ System
Introduced in the Philippines in 1571 by _________ . It granted Spanish officials, called _______, control over a specific area and its inhabitants.
In return, the ________ were responsible for collecting tribute, maintaining peace, and spreading Christianity.
- Spanish Colonial
- Encomienda
- Miguel López de Legazpi
- encomenderos
- encomenderos
