CHAPTER 2

Question 1

Chemistry is the study of…

Answer 1

matter

Question 2

What is matter

Answer 2

anything that has mass

Question 3

Substance is made up of ____ OR ____

Answer 3

-elements (hydrogen)

-compounds (H2O)

Question 4

An element is a substance that cannot be…

Answer 4

made from or broken down into anything else

Question 5

A compound is…

Answer 5

a chemical substance made from two or more elements in a fixed ratio

Question 6

A pure compound is…

Answer 6

Combination of two or more elements that have a fixed composition

Question 7

What are the building blocks of compounds?

Answer 7

Elements

Question 8

Mixture is…

Answer 8

a combination of two or more substances

Question 9

Homogeneous mixture

Answer 9

-look like a single substance
-mixture in which all components are evenly distributed

EXAMPLE: minestrone soup, Air

Question 10

Heterogeneous mixture

Answer 10

-appear to have two or more different-looking components
-mixture contains two or more visibly distinct components

EXAMPLE: Dirt, marbles

Question 11

Atom

Answer 11

The smallest particle of an element
-empty space

Question 12

Intensive Properties

Answer 12

-do NOT depend on the size of the sample selected

EXAMPLE: color, density, phase transition temps, taste

Question 13

Extensive Properties

Answer 13

-depends on the size of the sample chosen

EXAMPLE: mass and volume

Question 14

What are atoms made up of

Answer 14

Subatomic particles (protons, neutrons, electrons)

Question 15

Atomic number

Answer 15

Number of protons in an atom

Question 16

mass number

Answer 16

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Question 17

Protons
-Charge

Answer 17

positive

Question 18

Neutrons
-charge

Answer 18

-no charge (neutral)

Question 19

Electrons
-Charge

Answer 19

-Negative

Question 20

The period table is arranged by…

Answer 20

atomic number
-increasing atomic number

Question 21

Atomic mass units

Answer 21

mass of an atom

Question 22

Electrons are arranged in..

Answer 22

electron shells or energy levels

Question 23

Shells 1-4 hold how many electrons

Answer 23

1. 2 electrons
2. 8 electrons
3. 8 electrons
4. 32 electrons

Question 24

The outermost shell (furthest from the nucleus) is called

Answer 24

The valence shell

Question 25

T/F: the elements in the periodic table are arranged in a way that emphasizes similarities in properties among some groups and regular trends in properties among other elements

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Every element is represented by..

Answer 26

a symbol

Question 27

Atomic size increases from _____ to _____ and decreases from _____ to _____

Answer 27

-top to bottom -left to right

Question 28

Groups in the periodic table are (rows/columns) and are numbered ______

Answer 28

-columns -1-18

Question 29

Periods in the periodic table are (rows/columns) and are numbered _____

Answer 29

1-7

Question 30

What determines what the element is

Answer 30

The number of protons

Question 31

What is an isotope?

Answer 31

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons (so different masses)

Question 32

What is the nucleus of an atom?

Answer 32

the central core that is composed of protons and neutrons

Question 33

Why are atoms electrically neutral?

Answer 33

Because the number of electrons match the number of protons

Question 34

What is an ion

Answer 34

Atoms that don't ahve the same number of protons and electrons

Question 35

Anions have a ____ charge

Answer 35

-negative charge bc they have more electrons

Question 36

Cations have a ____ charge

Answer 36

positive charge because there are fewer electrons that protons

Question 37

What is the unit that expresses the mass of an atom

Answer 37

Amu (atomic mass unit)

Question 38

1 amu = ____ g

Answer 38

1.66 x 10^-24 g

Question 39

What is the mass of a proton?

Answer 39

1 amu

Question 40

How do you find the mass of an atom?

Answer 40

protons + neutrons

Question 41

The major factor in determining chemical behavior relies on the electrons in which shell

Answer 41

Outermost shell (valence)

Question 42

Mole is the unit for what

Answer 42

Amount

Question 43

Atomic weightis the relationship between ____ and the ____ of any element

Answer 43

-mass -amount

Question 44

How many atoms are in a mole?

Answer 44

6.022 x 10^23 (Avogadros number)

Question 45

Law of Constant Composition

Answer 45

in any particular chemical compound, ALL samples of that compound will be made up of the same elements in the same proportion or ratio