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chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What term is applied to the science of the structure of the body?

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

What is the study of the function of the body organs called?

A

Physiology

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3
Q

What is the detailed study of the bones of the body?

A

Osteology

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4
Q

What are the imaginary planes that subdivide the body in reference to anatomic position?

A

Body planes

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5
Q

What plane divides the body into right and left segments?

A

Sagittal plane

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6
Q

What is the specific sagittal plane that passes through the midline and divides the body into equal right and left halves?

A

Midsagittal plane (MSP)

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7
Q

What plane passes through the body vertically from side to side, dividing it into anterior and posterior parts?

A

Coronal plane

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8
Q

What is the specific coronal plane that divides the body into equal anterior and posterior halves?

A

Midcoronal plane (MCP)

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9
Q

What do horizontal planes divide the body into?

A

Superior and inferior portions

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10
Q

What are horizontal planes also known as?

A

Transverse, axial, or cross-sectional planes

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11
Q

What type of planes pass through a body part at any angle between the sagittal, coronal, or horizontal planes?

A

Oblique planes

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12
Q

What are the two great cavities of the body?

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity

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13
Q

What is often referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Abdominal cavity

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14
Q

What does the thoracic cavity contain?

A

Pleural membranes, lungs, trachea, esophagus, pericardium, heart and great vessels

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15
Q

What does the abdominal cavity contain?

A

Peritoneum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, stomach, intestines, kidneys, ureters, major blood vessels

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16
Q

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

A

Rectum, urinary bladder, part of the reproductive system

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17
Q

How is the abdomen divided?

A

Quadrants and regions

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18
Q

What are the four quadrants of the abdomen?

A
  • Right upper quadrant (RUQ)
  • Right lower quadrant (RLQ)
  • Left upper quadrant (LUQ)
  • Left lower quadrant (LLQ)
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19
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdomen?

A
  • Right hypochondrium
  • Epigastrium
  • Left hypochondrium
  • Right lateral
  • Umbilical
  • Left lateral
  • Right inguinal
  • Hypogastrium
  • Left inguinal
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20
Q

What is defined as the common variations in the shape of the human body?

A

Body habitus

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21
Q

What are the four major types of body habitus?

A
  • Sthenic
  • Hyposthenic
  • Asthenic
  • Hypersthenic
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22
Q

Which organs are affected by body habitus?

A
  • Heart
  • Lungs
  • Diaphragm
  • Stomach
  • Colon
  • Gallbladder
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23
Q

What are the functions of bones?

A
  • Attachment for muscles
  • Mechanical basis for movement
  • Protection of internal organs
  • Support frame for body
  • Storage for calcium, phosphorus, and other salts
  • Production of red and white blood cells
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24
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

206 bones

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25
What are the two main groups of the skeletal system?
* Axial skeleton (80 bones) * Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
26
What are the two types of bone features?
* Compact bone * Spongy bone
27
What is the central cavity of long bones called?
Medullary cavity
28
What is ossification?
The development and formation of bones
29
What are the two processes of ossification?
* Intramembranous * Endochondral
30
What are the classifications of bones based on shape?
* Long * Short * Flat * Irregular * Sesamoid
31
What are sesamoid bones?
Very small and oval bones that develop inside and beside tendons
32
What is the study of joints, or articulations, between bones called?
Arthrology
33
What are the two classifications of joints?
* Functional * Structural
34
What are the three subdivisions based on the mobility of a joint?
* Synarthroses (immovable) * Amphiarthroses (slightly movable) * Diarthroses (freely movable)
35
What are the three types of fibrous joints?
* Syndesmosis * Suture * Gomphosis
36
What type of joint is separated by a pad of fibrocartilage and is slightly movable?
Symphysis
37
What type of joint is immovable and united by rigid cartilage?
Synchondrosis
38
What do synovial joints permit?
Wide range of motion; freely movable
39
What are the six types of synovial joints?
* Gliding * Hinge * Pivot * Ellipsoid * Saddle * Ball and socket
40
What type of joint is characterized by a simple sliding motion?
Gliding joint ## Footnote Examples include intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
41
Which joint permits only flexion and extension?
Hinge joint ## Footnote Examples include the elbow, knee, and ankle.
42
What joint allows rotation around a single axis?
Pivot joint ## Footnote Example: atlantoaxial joint (C1-C2 joint).
43
Which type of joint allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction?
Ellipsoid joint ## Footnote Example: radiocarpal (wrist) joint.
44
What type of joint allows movement similar to an ellipsoid joint but differs in the shape of the articular surfaces?
Saddle joint ## Footnote Example: carpometacarpal joint between trapezium and first metacarpal.
45
Which joint type permits the widest range of motion?
Ball-and-socket joint ## Footnote Examples include the hip and shoulder.
46
Which classification of joint is slightly movable?
Amphiarthroses
47
Which of the following is not a type of synovial joint: Ellipsoid, Syndesmosis, Gliding, Pivot?
Syndesmosis
48
What is a condyle?
Rounded process at an articular end.
49
Define a coracoid or coronoid process.
Beaklike or crownlike process.
50
What does the term 'facet' refer to?
Small, smooth-surfaced articular process.
51
What is a fissure in terms of bone markings?
Cleft or deep groove.
52
What is the definition of a foramen?
Hole in a bone for transmission of vessels and nerves.
53
What does the term 'palmar' refer to?
Palm of the hand.
54
What does 'sulcus' mean in anatomical terms?
Furrow or trench.
55
What is the difference between 'proximal' and 'distal'?
'Proximal' is nearer to the point of attachment, while 'distal' is farthest from the point of attachment.
56
What does 'hyperextension' refer to?
Forced or excessive extension.
57
What is 'dorsiflexion'?
Flexion or bending of the foot toward the leg.
58
Identify the projection: CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior.
AP
59
Identify the projection: CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior.
PA
60
What position describes the body lying face down?
Prone
61
What is the Trendelenburg position?
Supine with the head lower than the feet.
62
What is the definition of 'circumduction'?
Circular movement of a limb.
63
What does 'eversion' mean?
Outward turning of the foot at the ankle.
64
What is an 'oblique position' in radiology?
Body is rotated so that the coronal plane is not parallel with the table or IR.
65
What does 'internal' refer to in anatomical terms?
Inside the body or part.
66
What does 'external' refer to in anatomical terms?
Outside the body or part.
67
What is the term for the wall or lining of a body cavity?
Parietal
68
What is 'hyperflexion'?
Forced overflexion.
69
What is a projection?
The pathway of the central ray through the body
70
What is a position?
The patient position in relation to the IR
71
What is a caudal projection?
CR angle toward the feet
72
What is a cephalic projection?
CR angle toward the head
73
What does recumbent mean
lying down
74
What is decubitus
The CR is horizonal to the table, the patient is in any position
75
What position is dorsal decubitus?
patient is on their back, the central ray is horizontal

rad procedures (5 decks)

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