Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are the four major macromolecules essential for life?
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
True or False: Water is a polar molecule.
True.
Fill in the blank: The basic unit of life is the ______.
cell.
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?
Nucleic acids.
What type of bond forms between water molecules?
Hydrogen bond.
True or False: Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.
True.
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?
To provide energy.
Which lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
Phospholipids.
What do we call the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy?
Photosynthesis.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins? A) Catalyzing reactions B) Storing energy C) Providing structural support D) Transporting molecules
B) Storing energy.
What is the term for the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds?
Active site.
Fill in the blank: The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called its ______.
primary structure.
True or False: Lipids are soluble in water.
False.
What is the role of nucleotides in nucleic acids?
They are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a disaccharide? A) Glucose B) Sucrose C) Starch D) Cellulose
B) Sucrose.
What type of bond connects amino acids together in a protein?
Peptide bond.
True or False: All enzymes are specific to one substrate.
True.
What are the two types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA.
Fill in the blank: The process of breaking down glucose to produce energy is called ______.
cellular respiration.
What is the main purpose of lipids in biological systems?
To store energy and form cell membranes.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a characteristic of enzymes? A) They are consumed in reactions B) They lower activation energy C) They change the equilibrium of a reaction D) They are not specific
B) They lower activation energy.
What is the role of ATP in cellular activities?
ATP serves as the primary energy carrier in cells.
Fill in the blank: The tertiary structure of a protein refers to its ______.
three-dimensional shape.
True or False: All carbohydrates are sweet to taste.
False.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids.
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds.
Multiple choice: Which of the following is a function of RNA? A) Storing genetic information B) Catalyzing chemical reactions C) Protein synthesis D) All of the above
C) Protein synthesis.
