Chapter 2

Question 1

refers to the practice of protecting, preserving, and managing biological diversity, including species, ecosystems, and genetic variation. This field aims to mitigate threats to biodiversity, restore degraded ecosystems, and promote sustainable use of natural resources to maintain ecological integrity and support human well-being

Answer 1

Biodiversity conservation

Question 2

_________ encompasses various definitions and criteria used to identify and classify species. Common concepts include the ___________, which defines species based on reproductive isolation, and the ___________, which classifies species based on physical characteristics. The choice of this concept can influence conservation strategies and priorities.

Answer 2

species concept
biological species concept
morphological species concept

Question 3

refers to the variety of different species within a given ecological community or ecosystem. It encompasses both species richness (the number of different species) and species evenness (the relative abundance of each species). High species diversity is often associated with greater ecosystem resilience and stability.

Answer 3

Species Diversity

Question 4

refers to species that are native to and restricted to a specific geographic area, often due to unique environmental conditions or evolutionary history.

Answer 4

Endemism

Question 5

are species selected for conservation efforts based on their ability to represent broader ecological communities or ecosystems. By protecting these species, conservationists aim to indirectly benefit many other species that share similar habitat requirements or ecological roles.

Answer 5

Surrogate species

Question 6

describes the spatial arrangement and patterns of biological diversity across different geographic areas

Answer 6

Biodiversity Distribution

Question 7

are regions that are both rich in endemic species and significantly threatened by human activities. These areas are prioritized for conservation efforts because they contain a high concentration of unique biodiversity and face substantial risks from habitat loss, climate change, and other anthropogenic pressures.

Answer 7

Biodiversity Hotspots

Question 8

are designated regions established to conserve biodiversity and maintain ecological processes. These areas can vary in terms of protection levels, including national parks, wildlife reserves, and marine protected areas. They play a crucial role in safeguarding habitats, species, and ecosystems from human exploitation and environmental degradation.

Answer 8

Protected areas

Question 9

refer to zones within landscapes that are managed to
maintain essential ecological functions and processes, such as wildlife corridors or floodplain management areas. These areas are -designed to support biodiversity and ecosystem services while allowing for compatible human activities.

Answer 9

Functional Conservation Areas

Question 10

refers to the status of a species or habitat characterized by low abundance, limited geographic distribution, or specific habitat requirements. It increases a species’ vulnerability to extinction, making the conservation of rare species and habitats a priority
in biodiversity conservation efforts.

Answer 10

Rarity

Question 11

is the systematic process of identifying and prioritizing areas for conservation action based on ecological, social, and economic factors. This process involves assessing biodiversity values, threats, and conservation goals to develop effective strategies and management plans for protecting and enhancing biodiversity.

Answer 11

Conservation Planning

Question 12

Refers to the roles that species or genes play in ecosystem processes (e.g., nutrient cycling, pollination, and food webs).

Answer 12

Functional Biodiversity

Question 13

Refers to the physical characteristics of ecosystems (e.g., the variety of habitat types, community structure, and physical complexity).

Answer 13

Structural Biodiversity

Question 14

Key Biodiversity Metrics (5)

Answer 14

Species Richness
Species Evenness
Diversity Indices
Genetic Diversity
Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Diversity

Question 15

○ _________: Local diversity within a specific area or ecosystem.
○_________: The difference in species diversity between two areas, assessing
the rate of species turnover.
○_________: The overall diversity across multiple ecosystems in a region.

Answer 15

Alpha diversity
Beta diversity
Gamma diversity

Question 16

Importance of Ecosystem Resilience

Answer 16

Biodiversity enhances ecosystem resilience, allowing systems to recover from disturbances and maintain functionality. Diverse ecosystems are often more productive and stable.

Question 17

T OR F

Biodiversity helps ecosystems remain functional during environmental changes. Reducing biodiversity can compromise the capacity of ecosystems to continue providing services (e.g., water purification, carbon sequestration)

Answer 17

t

Question 18

involves using natural resources in ways that do not
compromise the ecosystem’s long-term functionality.

Answer 18

Sustainable management

Question 19

The creation of _________ is a key strategy for conserving biodiversity, safeguarding critical habitats, and providing refuge for species

Answer 19

protected areas

Question 20

Classifies protected areas based on the level of protection and allowable human activities, from strict nature reserves to areas that allow sustainable resource use.

Answer 20

IUCN Categories

Question 21

Specially designed to protect marine ecosystems from overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction.

Answer 21

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)