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AS/A level History > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Treaty of
Brest - Litovsk

A

Ended Russia’s involvement in WWI
Russia had to give up land
to Germany to focus on
wester front and gave lots of
resources

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2
Q

Treaty of versailles
(GOALS)

A

France: prevent future aggression from Gemany, heavy financial reporations
Britain: Damage Germany but not harshly on economics bc they
had trade with Germany
USA: promote peace and prevent future conflicts (they didn’t loose territory or money from the war

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3
Q

treary of Versailles
(TERMS)

A

-Territory loss
-army limited to max of 100,000 troops no tanks aircraft or submarine max 6 battleships
-war guilt clause

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4
Q

war guilt clause

A

Assigned full responsibility for world wor I to hermany and its alies, justiffing reporations ( post-war resentment in Germany)

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5
Q

Reparations

A

payments imposed on Germany by the treaty of versailles for war damages during WWl

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6
Q

League of Nations

A

worldwide organisation that aimed to maintain
world peace.
(Britain, France, Italy, Japon)

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7
Q

The successor States

A

a newly formed state whose tentory and population were previously under the Control of another
Stat.

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8
Q
  1. Treaty of Saint- Germain
  2. Treaty of Neuilly
  3. Treaty of sévres
  4. Treaty of Trianon
A
  1. Austria
  2. Bulgaria
    3.Turkey
  3. Hungary
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9
Q

John Maynard Keynes

A

Economist that predicted that horsh reparations nowd lead to inflation ond hurt everyonés economy.

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10
Q

Treaty of London

A

secret agreement with Itally and the flies that promised
Italy territorial gains.
( They were betrayed and didnt receive all promised (lands) It fuelled
Fascism.

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11
Q

Red/ whie teror

A

Red tenor: violence by bolshevires targetting political enemies
White terror: Violence by anti-communist forces against
revolutionaries.

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12
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Fascist Dictator of Italy
from 1922- 1943.
He led taly into WWll with
Nazi Germany.
Executed . in .1945

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13
Q

Facism

A

Political ideology that promotes nationalism, authoratarianim,
Supremacy of the state over individual rights.
(centralized, dictatorial government )

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14
Q

US isolationism

A

US policy of avoiding involvement in international Conflicts. Focused on Staying out of league of Nortions aswell.

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15
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Revolutionary socialist group in Russia led by Lenin. They established a communist government ., Sparking the Russian Civil war. Caused Soviet
Union 1922.

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16
Q

Inflation
(German hyper inflation)

A

German mark lost Value, causing prices to soar.
- Causes: WWl reparations
- overprinting money
- Ruhr Occupation
Lead to: poverty, political unrest

17
Q

Ruhr Crisis

A

when france & Belgium occupied
Germany’s Ruhr region (industrial)
- reason: Seize coal for reparation
workers refused to work
- Effected Germany’s economy
- fuelled inflation

18
Q

Corfu Incident

A

Italy’s occupation of Greek island of Corfu after four Italians were killed. Greece appealed to league of Nations but they didn’t punish Italy.
- paid compensation
→ Showed that League of
Nations. nere weak

19
Q

Washington Conference:

  • Four pover Treaty
  • Five power Treary
  • Nine power Treaty
A

washington Conference
purpose: Prevent Naval arms race and promote pacific peace
Significance: First international arms control conference, hosted by USA.

20
Q

four-power Treaty

  • US
  • Britain
  • France
  • Japan
A

Agreements:

  • All members
    respect right of other countries
    Reason: Replace anglo- Japanese Alliance prevent conflict

Effectiveness:

  • Reduce tension
  • Encourage diplomatic
    Solutions over
    military action leaned strong enforcement
21
Q

Five power Treaty

  • US
  • Italy
  • Britain
  • Japon
  • Fronce
A

Agreements made:

-Japan reduce navy
-Western countries limited naval base near Japan
-limit weight of all their ships

Benefits:

-reduce navy Western countries
-reduce tensions
-all countries seeking trade with china

Consequences:
No effective way to check if countries followed the rules

22
Q

Nine power Treaty
- France
- Britain
- Belgium portugal.
- Netherlands -USA
- Japan
-china.

A

Agreements:
-Support open door policy
-equal trade rights

Reasons:
Reduce imperial ambitions maintain stability in China

Effectiveness/consequences:
-Failed to prevent long term aggression
-support Chinese territorial integrity

23
Q

Genoa Conference

-Britain
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Soviet Union

A

purpose:
address economic Issues in Europe

Agreements:
they achieved nothing

Reasons:
U.S. still doing isolation policy

outcome:
US still doing isolation policy.

24
Q

Rapallo Pact

  • Germany
  • Russia
A

Purpose:
reestablish diplomatic relations

Agreements:
Both agreed to drop financial/ territorial claims against each other from WWl

Reasons:
they were both isolated
Germany - reparations
Russia- communism

They established beneficial partnership ships and threatened the western powers

25
Q

Treaty of Lausanne

-japan
-Greece
-Turkey
-Britain
-France
-Italy

A

Purpose:
replace they treaty of severes

Agreements:
-Turkey independence
-claims to ottoman territories
-no longer pay reparations

Reasons:
Greece objected to the treaty of sevres
-stop national movement in turkey

Effectiveness:
Turkey was first country to change the pons peace settlement (significance)

26
Q

Comintern

A

Organization found by Russia to promote global communist parties worldwide, heightening anti-communist tension

27
Q

Red scare

A

The red scare was a period of intense U.S. anti- communist paranoia, with widespread suspicion and persecution of legend communist, especially in the 1920s and 1950s

28
Q

Daws Plan

A

conference to discuss economic problems in europe during post-won period.
1. withaw French troops in Ruhr
2. payments → what Germany can afford yearly
3. Germany’s national bank supervised by other countries
4. Recieved loon from US to recover (Germany’s economy.
- French policy less harsh on Germany

29
Q

Locarno confrence

A

Agreement:
respect borders and take no militery action unless defensive.

The treaty of Mutual Guarantee:
Britain & Italy would assist if any country feu victim against the treaty. Britain agreed to aid frence if Germany attacked (Frerch security)

Others:
-U.S. joined League of Nations
-Germany agreed to treaty of hersaile
-mussaini gained trust
-French and Germany relations improved

Weakness: no grantees for Germany’s border with Poland and Czechoslovakia

AS/A level History (2 decks)

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