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AS/A level History > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Treaty of
Brest - Litovsk

A

Ended Russia’s involvement in WWI
Russia had to give up land
to Germany to focus on
wester front and gave lots of
resources

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2
Q

Treaty of versailles
(GOALS)

A

France: prevent future aggression from Gemany, heavy financial reporations
Britain: Damage Germany but not harshly on economics bc they
had trade with Germany
USA: promote peace and prevent future conflicts (they didn’t loose territory or money from the war

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3
Q

treary of Versailles
(TERMS)

A

-Territory loss
-army limited to max of 100,000 troops no tanks aircraft or submarine max 6 battleships
-war guilt clause

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4
Q

war guilt clause

A

Assigned full responsibility for world wor I to hermany and its alies, justiffing reporations ( post-war resentment in Germany)

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5
Q

Reparations

A

payments imposed on Germany by the treaty of versailles for war damages during WWl

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6
Q

League of Nations

A

worldwide organisation that aimed to maintain
world peace.
(Britain, France, Italy, Japon)

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7
Q

The successor States

A

a newly formed state whose tentory and population were previously under the Control of another
Stat.

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8
Q
  1. Treaty of Saint- Germain
  2. Treaty of Neuilly
  3. Treaty of sévres
  4. Treaty of Trianon
A
  1. Austria
  2. Bulgaria
    3.Turkey
  3. Hungary
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9
Q

John Maynard Keynes

A

Economist that predicted that horsh reparations nowd lead to inflation ond hurt everyonés economy.

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10
Q

Treaty of London

A

secret agreement with Itally and the flies that promised
Italy territorial gains.
( They were betrayed and didnt receive all promised (lands) It fuelled
Fascism.

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11
Q

Red/ whie teror

A

Red tenor: violence by bolshevires targetting political enemies
White terror: Violence by anti-communist forces against
revolutionaries.

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12
Q

Benito Mussolini

A

Fascist Dictator of Italy
from 1922- 1943.
He led taly into WWll with
Nazi Germany.
Executed . in .1945

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13
Q

Facism

A

Political ideology that promotes nationalism, authoratarianim,
Supremacy of the state over individual rights.
(centralized, dictatorial government )

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14
Q

US isolationism

A

US policy of avoiding involvement in international Conflicts. Focused on Staying out of league of Nortions aswell.

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15
Q

Bolsheviks

A

Revolutionary socialist group in Russia led by Lenin. They established a communist government ., Sparking the Russian Civil war. Caused Soviet
Union 1922.

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16
Q

Inflation
(German hyper inflation)

A

German mark lost Value, causing prices to soar.
- Causes: WWl reparations
- overprinting money
- Ruhr Occupation
Lead to: poverty, political unrest

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17
Q

Ruhr Crisis

A

when france & Belgium occupied
Germany’s Ruhr region (industrial)
- reason: Seize coal for reparation
workers refused to work
- Effected Germany’s economy
- fuelled inflation

18
Q

Corfu Incident

A

Italy’s occupation of Greek island of Corfu after four Italians were killed. Greece appealed to league of Nations but they didn’t punish Italy.
- paid compensation
→ Showed that League of
Nations. nere weak

19
Q

Washington Conference:

  • Four pover Treaty
  • Five power Treary
  • Nine power Treaty
A

washington Conference
purpose: Prevent Naval arms race and promote pacific peace
Significance: First international arms control conference, hosted by USA.

20
Q

four-power Treaty

  • US
  • Britain
  • France
  • Japan
A

Agreements:

  • All members
    respect right of other countries
    Reason: Replace anglo- Japanese Alliance prevent conflict

Effectiveness:

  • Reduce tension
  • Encourage diplomatic
    Solutions over
    military action leaned strong enforcement
21
Q

Five power Treaty

  • US
  • Italy
  • Britain
  • Japon
  • Fronce
A

Agreements made:

-Japan reduce navy
-Western countries limited naval base near Japan
-limit weight of all their ships

Benefits:

-reduce navy Western countries
-reduce tensions
-all countries seeking trade with china

Consequences:
No effective way to check if countries followed the rules

22
Q

Nine power Treaty
- France
- Britain
- Belgium portugal.
- Netherlands -USA
- Japan
-china.

A

Agreements:
-Support open door policy
-equal trade rights

Reasons:
Reduce imperial ambitions maintain stability in China

Effectiveness/consequences:
-Failed to prevent long term aggression
-support Chinese territorial integrity

23
Q

Genoa Conference

-Britain
- France
- Germany
- Italy
- Soviet Union

A

purpose:
address economic Issues in Europe

Agreements:
they achieved nothing

Reasons:
U.S. still doing isolation policy

outcome:
US still doing isolation policy.

24
Q

Rapallo Pact

  • Germany
  • Russia
A

Purpose:
reestablish diplomatic relations

Agreements:
Both agreed to drop financial/ territorial claims against each other from WWl

Reasons:
they were both isolated
Germany - reparations
Russia- communism

They established beneficial partnership ships and threatened the western powers

25
Q

Treaty of Lausanne

-japan
-Greece
-Turkey
-Britain
-France
-Italy

A

Purpose:
replace they treaty of severes

Agreements:
-Turkey independence
-claims to ottoman territories
-no longer pay reparations

Reasons:
Greece objected to the treaty of sevres
-stop national movement in turkey

Effectiveness:
Turkey was first country to change the pons peace settlement (significance)

26
Q

Comintern

A

Organization found by Russia to promote global communist parties worldwide, heightening anti-communist tension

27
Q

Red scare

A

The red scare was a period of intense U.S. anti- communist paranoia, with widespread suspicion and persecution of legend communist, especially in the 1920s and 1950s

28
Q

Daws Plan

A

conference to discuss economic problems in europe during post-won period.
1. withaw French troops in Ruhr
2. payments → what Germany can afford yearly
3. Germany’s national bank supervised by other countries
4. Recieved loon from US to recover (Germany’s economy.
- French policy less harsh on Germany

29
Q

Locarno confrence

A

Agreement:
respect borders and take no militery action unless defensive.

The treaty of Mutual Guarantee:
Britain & Italy would assist if any country feu victim against the treaty. Britain agreed to aid frence if Germany attacked (Frerch security)

Others:
-U.S. joined League of Nations
-Germany agreed to treaty of hersaile
-mussaini gained trust
-French and Germany relations improved

Weakness: no grantees for Germany’s border with Poland and Czechoslovakia

30
Q

Kellogg brand pact

A

Agreement: renounced war and settle disputes peacefully

France: protection from German aggression
Germany: trust from USSR and japan

Weakness: no indication of steps taken if the agreement was broken (worthless)

USA: only signed for self defense and not war against nations that outlaw the pact

60 nations signed

31
Q

The young plan

A

US suggested bc they would never yet their loons back from Germany bc of the harsh reparations

-German reparations : 6.6 pound to 2 billion pound
-control of German banks returned
-French willing to compromise
-France & Britain realized German reparations depended on US loons

French only accepted bc of international pressure

32
Q

League of Nations 1

A

Aims:

  1. Prevent future wars.
  2. administer peace settlements.
  3. Promote international cooperation

1.promote disarmament

• Aborish secret diplomacy
• Arbitration
.collective security

  1. Arrange plebiscites
    . Organize mandates
33
Q

League of Nations 2

A

3.Establish international organizations.

•provide loon to new countries.

.encourage education

• improvement in public heatth

.Resettling refugees

Structure: General Assembly - decide general policy and new members and finences. The council

weakness:
unanimous, members missing formed by victorious nations (biased) they would always be integer of themselves

permanent members:
Britain, Frence, Italy, japan

34
Q

League of Nations disputes (successful resolutions)

Teschen 1920

A

Teschen is the most wealthiest and industrialized region of Austro-Hungarian Empire.

-Both Czechoslovakia and Poland wanted it.

The league split the region for both countries.

35
Q

The Aland islands 1921

A

Population spoke swedish, but w belong to Finland since 1900s.

•The island wanted to be part of Sweden

• The league gave it to Finland.

Sweden’s response:

-The population desired it

-Finlend is the aggressor state

not in line with “self-determination”

  • Shake the confidence that countries. will. Rely on the league of Nations
  • Islanders will continue to seek justice
36
Q

Upper Silesia

A

Importent industrial region Germany or Poland

The League divided the orea between Germany & poland

37
Q

Yugoslavia-Albania

border dispute

A

There was an open warfere between Yugoslavia & Albania

-followed by border disputes

-Yugoslav troops entered Albania

  • The L of N was in favor of Albania
    L Troops withdrawed.
38
Q

Memel

A

Lithuania invaded the port of Memel, placed under control of LofN in the Treaty of versailles.

The League gave the area Surrounding to Lithuania but kept the port itself an “international zone”

39
Q

Mosul

A

Mosul was a Turkish lond before being mandated to Iraq

-Turkey wanted it back be oil was discovered there.

The league was in favor of Iraq

40
Q

Vilna & Treaty of Riga
( unsuccessful resolutions )

A

Vilna-capital of Lithuania (polish populaction)

↳ polond invaded it, withdrew troops

second invasion (League did nothing)

BC poland was in allied side, Frence & Briterin disagreed (unanimous)

Treaty of Riga

porond invading Russian territay League took no action be:

↳ Russia was not a menber

communist govn.

The treaty gronted poland Russian teritory

41
Q

League of Nations Agencies

A

International Labour Organization

  • improve working conditions
  • establish minimum wage levels
  • introduce old-age pensions

Health Organization

  • research on diseases
  • introduce, vaccines

AS/A level History (3 decks)

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