CHAPTER 1

Question 1

Long Depression

Answer 1

A prolonged period of global economic stagnation and deflation, primarily affecting Europe and the USA, characterized by low growth, unemployment, and social unrest.

Question 2

Nationalism

Answer 2

The belief that your country is superior ethnically, culturally, and politically. (Extreme patriotism)

Question 3

New Imperialism

Answer 3

Colonial expansion by European powers, focusing on acquiring inexpensive resources and labor. (19th-20th century, EU, USA, Japan)
- “African scramble”
- White Man’s Burden - Rudyard Kipling

Question 4

Racial Superiority

Answer 4

A belief that a certain race / group of people is superior to other races.

Question 5

King Leopold II

Answer 5

King Leopold II was the king of Belgium and is known for cruelly exploiting the Congo. Congolese were forced into hard labor, leading to millions of deaths and brutal mistreatment.

Question 6

Fashoda Incident

Answer 6

A standoff between Britain and France in sudan over territorial control

Question 7

Welt politik

Answer 7

Germany’s foreign policy aimed at making the country a global power. (Colonization, naval expansion, diplomatic influence).

Question 8

Germany’s navy expansion

Answer 8

Reasons:
- desire for global power
- protection of overseas interests
- challenging british navy
- national prestige
- economic interests
- colonial ambitions

Question 9

Wilhelm’s speech in Morocco

Answer 9

Wilhelm visited Morocco and publicly supported Morocco’s independence to challenge France, and they were fighting over territorial control. This lead to tensions in both countries. (And strengthened the bond of France & England).

Question 10

Algeciras crisis

Answer 10

Wilhelm’s speech lead France and Germany to have tensions over Morocco, and England was siding with France. European powers met in Algeciras, Spain, and ultimately gave control to France & Spain. (Germany grew angry)

Question 11

Entente cordiale

Answer 11

An agreement signed by Britain & France that resolved colonial disputes and made their relationship closer. (Also gave France Morocco)

Question 12

Opium Wars

Answer 12

1st: Treaty of Nanjing
- England gained control over HongKong
- England given extraterritoriality
- Citizens can live in China without problems

2nd: Treaty of Tientsin
- Legalized importation of opium
- Christian missionaries protected in China
- Ambassadors of European countries lived in Beijing

Question 13

Spheres of influence

Answer 13

Areas in China where foreign countries had special rights and control over trade & resources but didn’t officially rule the land

Question 14

Boxer Rebellion

Answer 14

Nationalists in China from the Society of Righteous and Harmonious fists attacked foreign control in China, making China pay $330 million in reparations

Question 15

Taiping Rebellion

Answer 15

Led by a man Xiuquan, leading to a massive civil war in Souther China, trying to overthrow the Chinese government. (France & Britain helped defeat)
- showed that China is weak

Question 16

USA’s open door Policy

Answer 16

USA set up a policy that said all countries got the same privileges to trade with China. (prevented one country from taking control of China)
- USA was worried to miss out on spheres of influence

Question 17

Great Trek

Answer 17

Dutch-speakers moved from British-controlled Cape Colony to Transvaal and the Orange Free State.
- they resented the British Rule

Question 18

First Boer War

Answer 18

British Empire VS Boers in Transvaal. Boers won against Britain, leading to treaty of Pretoria, giving Transvaal self-government.

Question 19

Jameson Raid

Answer 19

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- hoped that British settlers in Transvaal would rebel against them, giving justification for Britain to attack Transvaal.
- Boers won again
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Question 20

Kruger Telegram

Answer 20

Kaiser Wilhelm sent president of Transvaal a congratulating telegram defeating the British.
- Alienated British, making them the bad guys
- Replace Britain as main European influence in Transvaal

Question 21

Second Boer War

Answer 21

• Transvaal demanded British force to leave, leading to war (refusal)
• Boers used Guerrilla technique (jump scare)
• Were using German guns.

Costs to British: Pride, lives, price, reputation