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MATH IN THE MODERN WORLD > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the system of words, signs and symbols which people use to
express ideas, thoughts and feelings. It consists of the words, their pronunciation and
the methods of combining them to be understood by a community.

A

Language

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2
Q

is
the system used to communicate mathematical ideas. The language of mathematics
is more precise than any other language one may think of.

A

Mathematical Language

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3
Q

Numbers, measurements, shapes, spaces, functions, patterns, data and arrangement are regarded as ________

A

mathematical nouns or object

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4
Q

mathematical verbs
may be considered as the four main actions attributed to problem solving and
reasoning. These actions represent the process one goes thru to solve a problem.

According to Kenney, Hancewicz, Heuer, Metsisto and tuttle (2005), these four
main actions are:

A

Modelling and Formulating
Transforming and Manipulating
Inferring
Communicating

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5
Q

creating appropriate representations and
relationships to mathematize the original problem.

A

Modelling and Formulating

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6
Q

changing the mathematical form in which a
problem is originally expressed to equivalent form that represents solution.

A

Transforming and Manipulating

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7
Q

applying derived results to the original problem situation and interpreting and generalizing the result

A

Inferring

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8
Q

reporting what has been learned about a problem to a specified audience.

A

Communicating

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9
Q

is about ideas – relationships, quantities, processes, measurements, reasoning and so on.

A

Mathematics

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10
Q

According to Jamison (2000) the use of language in mathematics differs from
the language of ordinary speech in three important ways.

A

✓ First, mathematical language is non-temporal.
✓ Second, mathematical language is devoid of emotional content
✓ Third, mathematical language is precise

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11
Q

Plus

A

Addition +

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12
Q

The sum of

A

Addition +

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13
Q

Increased by

A

Addition +

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14
Q

Total

A

Addition +

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15
Q

Added to

A

Addition +

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16
Q

Minus

A

Subtraction -

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17
Q

Subtracted from

A

Subtraction -

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18
Q

Decreased by

A

Subtraction -

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19
Q

Subtracted from

A

Subtraction -

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20
Q

Multiplied by
The product of
times

A

Multiplication X, (), *

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21
Q

Divided by

A

Division ÷ , /

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22
Q

The quotient of

A

Division ÷ , /

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23
Q

per

A

Division ÷ , /

24
Q

It consists of term and separated with other term with either plus or minus.
A single term may contain an expression in parenthesis or other grouping
symbols.

A

Mathematical Expression

25
Q

_______ may consist numerical coefficient (the
number together the variable), literal coefficient (the variable itself) and constant (any single number).

A

Mathematical expression

26
Q

Combination of two mathematical expression using a comparison operator.
These expressions either use numbers, variables or both.

A

Mathematical Sentence

27
Q

The ______ includes equal, not equal, greater than, greater than or equal to,
less than and less than or equal to.

A

comparison operator

28
Q

means that it uses variables, meaning that it is not known whether or not the mathematical sentence is true or false.

A

Open Sentence

29
Q

______ that known to be either true or false. It can be a TRUE CLOSED SENTENCE and FALSE CLOSED SENTENCE.

A

Closed Sentence

30
Q

There are many symbols in mathematics and most are used as a precise form
of shorthand. We need to be confident when using these symbols, and to gain that
confidence we need to understand their meaning.

A

Conventions in the Mathematical Language

31
Q

this is the context in which we are working, or the particular topics being studied,

A

CONTEXT

32
Q
  • where mathematicians and scientists have decided that particular symbols will have particular meaning
A

CONVENTION

33
Q

A well-defined collection of distinct object and is denoted by an uppercase
letter

A

SETS

34
Q

An object that belongs to a set is called an _________ and it is
usually denoted by lower case letter.

A

ELEMENT or MEMBER

35
Q

Method in which the elements in the given set are listed or enumerated, separated by a comma, inside a pair or braces.

A

ROSTER/ TABULAR METHOD

36
Q

Method in which the common characteristics of the elements are defined. This method uses set builder notation where x is used to
represent any element of the given set.

A

RULE/ DESCRIPTIVE METHOD

37
Q

A = {m, a, t, h}

A

Roster form

38
Q

A = {x∣x is the distinct letters in the words “math”}

A

Rule form

39
Q

set that has no elements, denoted by Ø or by a
pair of braces with no element inside.

A

EMPTY/ NULL/ VOID SET

40
Q

a set with a countable number of elements.

A

FINITE SET

41
Q

a set has uncountable number of element

A

INFINITE SET

42
Q

the totality of all the elements of the sets under
consideration, denoted by U.

A

UNIVERSAL SET

43
Q

set with same elements

A

EQUAL SETS

44
Q

set with the same number of elements.

A

EQUIVALENT SETS

45
Q

number of elements

A

cardinality

46
Q

sets with at least one common element

A

JOINT SETS

47
Q

set have no common element

A

DISJOINT SETS

48
Q

set wherein every element of which can be found on the second set. ⊂

A

SUBSET

49
Q

If the first set equals the second set, then it is an _______

A

improper subset

50
Q

symbol for improper subset

A

⊆

51
Q

The set containing all the subsets of the given set with n number of elements
is called the______ with 2n number of elements.

A

power sets

52
Q

set whose elements are
found in A or B or in both.

A

UNION OF SETS A and B (denoted by A U B)

53
Q

set whose elements
are common to both sets.

A

INTERSECTION of sets A and B (denoted by A ∩ B)

53
Q

set whose elements are
found in set A but not in set B.

A

DIFFERENCE of sets A and B (denoted by A - B)

54
Q

the set of elements found in the
universal set but not in set A.

A

COMPLEMENT OF Set A (denoted by A’)

MATH IN THE MODERN WORLD (5 decks)

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