CHAPTER 2

Question 1

the system of words, signs and symbols which people use to
express ideas, thoughts and feelings. It consists of the words, their pronunciation and
the methods of combining them to be understood by a community.

Answer 1

Language

Question 2

is
the system used to communicate mathematical ideas. The language of mathematics
is more precise than any other language one may think of.

Answer 2

Mathematical Language

Question 3

Numbers, measurements, shapes, spaces, functions, patterns, data and arrangement are regarded as ________

Answer 3

mathematical nouns or object

Question 4

mathematical verbs
may be considered as the four main actions attributed to problem solving and
reasoning. These actions represent the process one goes thru to solve a problem.

According to Kenney, Hancewicz, Heuer, Metsisto and tuttle (2005), these four
main actions are:

Answer 4

Modelling and Formulating
Transforming and Manipulating
Inferring
Communicating

Question 5

creating appropriate representations and
relationships to mathematize the original problem.

Answer 5

Modelling and Formulating

Question 6

changing the mathematical form in which a
problem is originally expressed to equivalent form that represents solution.

Answer 6

Transforming and Manipulating

Question 7

applying derived results to the original problem situation and interpreting and generalizing the result

Answer 7

Inferring

Question 8

reporting what has been learned about a problem to a specified audience.

Answer 8

Communicating

Question 9

is about ideas – relationships, quantities, processes, measurements, reasoning and so on.

Answer 9

Mathematics

Question 10

According to Jamison (2000) the use of language in mathematics differs from
the language of ordinary speech in three important ways.

Answer 10

✓ First, mathematical language is non-temporal.
✓ Second, mathematical language is devoid of emotional content
✓ Third, mathematical language is precise

Question 11

Plus

Answer 11

Addition +

Question 12

The sum of

Answer 12

Addition +

Question 13

Increased by

Answer 13

Addition +

Question 14

Total

Answer 14

Addition +

Question 15

Added to

Answer 15

Addition +

Question 16

Minus

Answer 16

Subtraction -

Question 17

Subtracted from

Answer 17

Subtraction -

Question 18

Decreased by

Answer 18

Subtraction -

Question 19

Subtracted from

Answer 19

Subtraction -

Question 20

Multiplied by
The product of
times

Answer 20

Multiplication X, (), *

Question 21

Divided by

Answer 21

Division ÷ , /

Question 22

The quotient of

Answer 22

Division ÷ , /

Question 23

per

Answer 23

Division ÷ , /

Question 24

It consists of term and separated with other term with either plus or minus.
A single term may contain an expression in parenthesis or other grouping
symbols.

Answer 24

Mathematical Expression

Question 25

_______ may consist numerical coefficient (the number together the variable), literal coefficient (the variable itself) and constant (any single number).

Answer 25

Mathematical expression

Question 26

Combination of two mathematical expression using a comparison operator. These expressions either use numbers, variables or both.

Answer 26

Mathematical Sentence

Question 27

The ______ includes equal, not equal, greater than, greater than or equal to, less than and less than or equal to.

Answer 27

comparison operator

Question 28

means that it uses variables, meaning that it is not known whether or not the mathematical sentence is true or false.

Answer 28

Open Sentence

Question 29

______ that known to be either true or false. It can be a TRUE CLOSED SENTENCE and FALSE CLOSED SENTENCE.

Answer 29

Closed Sentence

Question 30

There are many symbols in mathematics and most are used as a precise form of shorthand. We need to be confident when using these symbols, and to gain that confidence we need to understand their meaning.

Answer 30

Conventions in the Mathematical Language

Question 31

this is the context in which we are working, or the particular topics being studied,

Answer 31

CONTEXT

Question 32

- where mathematicians and scientists have decided that particular symbols will have particular meaning

Answer 32

CONVENTION

Question 33

A well-defined collection of distinct object and is denoted by an uppercase letter

Answer 33

SETS

Question 34

An object that belongs to a set is called an _________ and it is usually denoted by lower case letter.

Answer 34

ELEMENT or MEMBER

Question 35

Method in which the elements in the given set are listed or enumerated, separated by a comma, inside a pair or braces.

Answer 35

ROSTER/ TABULAR METHOD

Question 36

Method in which the common characteristics of the elements are defined. This method uses set builder notation where x is used to represent any element of the given set.

Answer 36

RULE/ DESCRIPTIVE METHOD

Question 37

A = {m, a, t, h}

Answer 37

Roster form

Question 38

A = {x∣x is the distinct letters in the words “math”}

Answer 38

Rule form

Question 39

set that has no elements, denoted by Ø or by a pair of braces with no element inside.

Answer 39

EMPTY/ NULL/ VOID SET

Question 40

a set with a countable number of elements.

Answer 40

FINITE SET

Question 41

a set has uncountable number of element

Answer 41

INFINITE SET

Question 42

the totality of all the elements of the sets under consideration, denoted by U.

Answer 42

UNIVERSAL SET

Question 43

set with same elements

Answer 43

EQUAL SETS

Question 44

set with the same number of elements.

Answer 44

EQUIVALENT SETS

Question 45

number of elements

Answer 45

cardinality

Question 46

sets with at least one common element

Answer 46

JOINT SETS

Question 47

set have no common element

Answer 47

DISJOINT SETS

Question 48

set wherein every element of which can be found on the second set. ⊂

Answer 48

SUBSET

Question 49

If the first set equals the second set, then it is an _______

Answer 49

improper subset

Question 50

symbol for improper subset

Answer 50

⊆

Question 51

The set containing all the subsets of the given set with n number of elements is called the______ with 2n number of elements.

Answer 51

power sets

Question 52

set whose elements are found in A or B or in both.

Answer 52

UNION OF SETS A and B (denoted by A U B)

Question 53

set whose elements are common to both sets.

Answer 53

INTERSECTION of sets A and B (denoted by A ∩ B)

Question 53

set whose elements are found in set A but not in set B.

Answer 53

DIFFERENCE of sets A and B (denoted by A - B)

Question 54

the set of elements found in the universal set but not in set A.

Answer 54

COMPLEMENT OF Set A (denoted by A’)