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School 📚📝🎓 > Chapter 2 🌲 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 🌲 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a system made up of

A

Organs

Tissues

Cells

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2
Q

Living things composed of more than one cell

A

Multicellular organisms

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3
Q

A system

A

A group of structures designed to function together as a unit

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4
Q

What are the 2 plant systems

A

Root system

Shoot system

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5
Q

Where is the root system

A

Underground, anchoring the plant, absorbs nutrients and stores food

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6
Q

Shoot system info

A

It’s above ground, and holds leaves towards the sun for the manufacturing
Of food and providing for the production of flowers, fruits and seeds

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7
Q

A structure within a system that has a definite form and preforms a definite function or functions for the system

A

An organ

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8
Q

Three basic leaf shapes

A

Broad and flat

Long and narrow

Needle like or scale like

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9
Q

Two main parts of a leaf

A

Blade

Petiole (leafstalk)

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10
Q

Blade

A

Flat portion of a leaf

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11
Q

Edge of a leaf

A

Margin

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12
Q

What do veins do

A

Carry food and water (sap)

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13
Q

Large vein running down the center of the blade

A

Midrib

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14
Q

Second major part of the leaf

A

Petiole

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15
Q

Leaves without petioles are called

A

Sessile

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16
Q

Sheath

A

Wrap around the stem

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17
Q

Stipules

A

Small leaf like or scale like structure that help to cover the leaf when developing

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18
Q

Contain developing leaf or stem structures

A

Buds

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19
Q

Buds are covered in what during the winter months

A

Bud scales

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20
Q

In certain trees you can find?

A

Leaf scars

Bud scales

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21
Q

Simple leaves

A

1 blade on each petiole

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22
Q

Compound leaves

A

More than one blade on every petiole

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23
Q

Each small blade on a compound leaf is referred to as

A

A leaflet

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24
Q

If each petiole is attached to one blade

A

Simple leaf

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25
Q

If each petiole is attached to several leaflets the leafs are?

A

Compound

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26
Q

The point at which leaves grow from the stem are called?

A

Nodes

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27
Q

When two leaf grows at each node

A

Opposite

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28
Q

Regardless of the arrangement individual leaves orient themselves so that each blade is at approximately a

A

90 degree angle to the source of light

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29
Q

More rapid growth on one side of the petiole than the other bends the petiole thereby orienting the leaves to face the sun this is called

A

Phototropism

Or the growth response of a plant stimulated by light

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30
Q

Living material that is constructed in such a way as to perform a particular task for the organs of an organism is called

A

Tissue

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31
Q

A typical plant has three distinct tissues

A

Structural

Vascular

Meristematic

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32
Q

Most of the body or structure of the plant is

A

Structural tissue

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33
Q

protects and covers sleeves, roots, stems, and other exposed areas and prevents excessive water, loss and injury by outside agents

A

Epidermal tissue

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34
Q

Epidermal tissue of the shoot system is normally covered by a ________________________ which consists of a waxy substance that helps to seal in water

A

Cuticle layer

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35
Q

The epidermal tissue contains specialized cells like the __________________ roots, which absorb water and nutrients for the root

A

Root hairs

36
Q

A layer of _______________ grows in its place and forms a layer of outer bark

A

Cork tissue

37
Q

______________________ Found in roots, stems leaves, and fruits makes and stores food

A

Parenchyma

38
Q

Consist of fibers that run through roots, scrubs, and large veins of leaves

A

Support and strengthening tissue

39
Q

Vascular tissues

A

Composed of elongated, tubular cells are the sap conducting tissues

40
Q

Two types of vascular tissues

A

Xylem

Phloem

41
Q

Xylem

A

Transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots to the leaves

42
Q

Phloem

A

Transports food manufactured in the leaves downward

43
Q

Sweet liquid found within the vascular tissues of a plant

A

Sap

44
Q

Purpose of meristematic tissue

A

Growth and repair of plants

45
Q

When meristematic tissues, mature, they form the various types of ______________________________ that compose the plants, roots, stems and leaves

A

Structural and vascular tissues

46
Q

Meristematic tissue is not spread evenly throughout the plant, but is present in definite, gross religions, including root tips, stem tips, including buds and the eternal

A

Cambium layers

47
Q

Meristematic tissue in roots and stem tips is external and enables roots and stems to grow in length______________ Where _______________ is eternal and enables stems and roots to grow in diameter ___________________

A

Longitudinal

Cambium tissue

Lateral growth

48
Q

_________________ Produces new vascular tissue xylem and phloem and _________________________ produces new cork tissue

A

Vascular Cambium

Cork Cambium

49
Q

Microscopically a leaf has three main parts

A

Epidermis mesophyll and veins

50
Q

Provides covering and protection for both the upper and lower leaf surfaces

A

Epidermis

51
Q

The lower epidermis of leaves contain tiny openings called

A

Stomata

52
Q

Stamina also regulate__________________ the loss of water vapor from leaves and stems

A

Transpiration

53
Q

Two Crescent shaped_________________ expand and contract to open and close each stomata

A

Guard cells

54
Q

The epidermis of certain plants have hair like structures called

A

Leaf hairs

55
Q

The middle portion of the leaf which forms the bulk of the leaf is called the

A

Mesophyll

56
Q

Where is photosynthesis taking place?

A

The mesophyll

57
Q

____________________ is located toward the upper side of the leaf and consist of alligator column cells which resemble a pesticide or row of fence post

A

Palisade mesophyll

58
Q

Below the parasite layer is the

A

Spongy mesophyll

59
Q

The air spaces between the spongy muzzle fill cells are called

A

Intercellular air spaces

60
Q

The__________ of the leaf run through the mesophyll layers and contain the vascular tissue

A

Veins

61
Q

The basic structural unit of all living things is

A

Cell

62
Q

Biologist recognize three main parts of every plant and animal cell

A

Cell membrane ,nucleus, cytoplasm

63
Q

What is the cell wall made up of?

A

Cellulose

64
Q

In addition to cellulose some plant cell walls also contain____________ substance that adds stiff to the walls of the woody cells in trees and shrubs

A

Lignin

65
Q

Within the cells of all green plants are organs called

A

Chloroplast

66
Q

Green pigment that gives plants their color and enables them to capture the energy of light

A

Chlorophyll

67
Q

The storage structures in cells called___________________________ Store, food, materials, fluid substances, and minerals

A

Vacuoles

68
Q

Organisms such as green plants that can make their own food called

A

Autotroph

Producers

69
Q

Organisms that cannot make their own food and and must obtain it from other organisms are called

A

Heterotrophs

70
Q

The process whereby a plants, chloroplast capture the radiant energy of light and converted into the chemical energy of food is called

A

Photosynthesis

71
Q

Photosynthesis occurs within the chloroplast which contain stacks of specialized discs called

A

Thylakoids

72
Q

Traditionally, the entire process of photosynthesis has been divided into two phases

A

Light reactions

Dark reactions

73
Q

A decrease in the amount of available________________ will decrease the rate of__________________

A

Carbon dioxide

Photosynthesis

74
Q

A shortage of water, indirectly slows_____________________

A

Photosynthesis

75
Q

The single, most important factor affecting photosynthesis is the intense of the______________ striking the leaf

A

Light

76
Q

Xanthophyll

A

Produces yellow Ish colors

77
Q

Carotene

A

Pretty sis yellowish orange colors

78
Q

Anthocyanin

A

Pretty bright, red blue and purple colors

79
Q

Technically, the leaves do not just fall off. They are actually cut from the stem by an.

A

Obscission layer

80
Q

A specialized enzyme_________________ then the walls of the abscission layer, allowing the leaf to break off under its own weight

A

Cellulase

81
Q

When the leaf falls a mark called a_____________ remains on the stand at the point where the patio was attached

A

Leaf scar

82
Q

Most of the water that is lost by a plant is lost through______________ the process by which a plant loses water vapor through its leaves and stems

A

Transpiration

83
Q

The water within the guard cells produce a pressure called? When the gels are filled with water, they are.

A

Turgor pressure

Turgid pressure

84
Q

A high rate of transpiration may produce

A

Wilting

85
Q

When transpiration takes place faster than the roots can’t absorb water, causing the plant cells to lose their turgor

A

Temporary wilting

86
Q

In the loss of leaves or even the death of the plant can occur when there is a drought, and there is no sufficient soil water to replace that lost by transpiration

A

Permanent wilting

87
Q

A special leaf is sometimes called a

A

Modified leaf

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