chapter 2

Question 1

where did west African music remain unchanged?

Answer 1

north and east coasts of South
America, Caribbean islands, West Indies, French colonial Louisiana, coastal islands off Georgia and Virginia

Question 2

why did music remain unchanged?

Answer 2

large enslaved to free people ratio, fewer attempts to control slaves free time and self expression, fewer slaves converted to Christianity

Question 3

why did west African music survive in the US?

Answer 3

enslaved people subjected to greater control on and off duty, large numbers of slaves adopted, Christianity, much more contact between enslaved African people and European people

Question 4

why did slaves abandon percussion instruments and dancing?

Answer 4

they adopted Christianity and it became improper, which made African Styles of music in America change over time

Question 4

What were the Holiday Celebrations?

Answer 4

election day, Christmas, and Easter

Question 5

what is the Congo Square?

Answer 5

area in New Orleans where slaves were permitted to make music on Sundays

Question 6

what are the characteristics of West African Music?

Answer 6

Rhythm, call and response singing, short repetitive sung melodies

Question 7

why does West Africa have the most influence?

Answer 7

most of the enslaved people in America were from there

Question 8

what is the Agbekor tradition?

Answer 8

percussion instruments associated with a particular West African music tradition

Question 9

what is a gankogui?

Answer 9

part of agbekor, two bells high and low pitched sounded with stick

Question 10

characteristics of praise of a Yoruba Chief

Answer 10

percussion dominates, a single steady beat governs music, several interlocking patterns happen simultaneously, call and response singing, short repetitive sung melodies

Question 11

what is polyrhythm?

Answer 11

several beat patterns happening at once

Question 12

where was Yoruba from and what is it?

Answer 12

Cuba and Trinidad, yoruban drumming styles and percussion

Question 13

what is West African music the foundation of?

Answer 13

grandparents of latin jazz

Question 14

what are spirituals?

Answer 14

Christian folk songs

Question 14

what is Sheep, Sheep Don’t You Know the Road?

Answer 14

a spiritual

Question 15

what is a spiritual the grandparent of?

Answer 15

Jazz

Question 16

what is the Shout or Ring Shout?

Answer 16

took place after a religious service consisted of singing of spirituals and dancing (frowned upon by whites)

Question 17

what type of music was African American Spirituals originally?

Answer 17

folk music

Question 18

what is Cries, calls, hollers?

Answer 18

individual person singing his or her own personal thoughts usually in an emotional manner

Question 18

What is Jacobs Ladder?

Answer 18

a spiritual based on the bible sang by Paul Robeson

Question 19

what is Go Down Moses?

Answer 19

Jewish spiritual

Question 20

what is the Quittin Time song?

Answer 20

a work song, cornfield holler, arwollie (important forerunners of the blues)

Question 21

work songs and function?

Answer 21

common in slave era and labor prisons
function: coordinate activity, lift spirits, pace activity to avoid exhaustion

Question 22

what is an African American Ballad?

Answer 22

stories in song adapted from English Celtic Ballad tradition, combined function of work song and ballad

Question 23

what is a short meter ballad?

Answer 23

3 feet instead of 4 (3+3+4+3+extension line (5 lines))

Question 24

what is John Henry?

Answer 24

an African American native ballad, contest between man and machine based on an actual event, henry wins but dies of a heart attack, combination of work and ballad song

Question 25

African American Folk Music

Answer 25

local or regional, part of a specific place of community

Question 26

what does American Culture include?

Answer 26

English language, dominance of Christianity, slavery, English Celtic, Hispanic, and other music traditions

Question 27

What did West African music transport to America result in?

Answer 27

work songs, cries, calls, hollers, spirituals, Ballads

Question 28

why do people and places develop individual styles of music? (Appalachian region)

Answer 28

origin of English Celtic lands, tended to be rural ,low income people with no slaves or land, lack of economic opportunity, discouraged visitors,

Question 29

why do people and places develop individual styles of music? (French triangle)

Answer 29

working class French people living in Acadia moved to Southern Louisiana in large numbers. French language songs, fiddle, and accordion playing tradition

Question 30

why do people and places develop individual styles of music?
(Texas Mexico border)

Answer 30

origin spanish and english, people from spain, English Celtic Lands, native Americans, Germans, spanish language songs, guitar, and accordion traditions

Question 30

why do people and places develop individual styles of music?
(African Americans)

Answer 30

musical traditions and styles, lived mostly in the south, official legal segregation, if community is kept separate they will develop an individual, identifiable tradition of music making

Question 31

what is an Arwhoolie?

Answer 31

A secular folk music of the African American tradition, also known as a “cornfield holler” (see also cries, calls and hollers)