CHAPTER 2

Question 1

_____ it involves exposing an animal to an antigen derived from an infectious agent so that an immune response is stimulated and the animal acquire resistance to that infectious agent before natural infection occur.

Answer 1

VACCINATION

Question 2

What are criteria to be considered to determine whether vaccination is either possible in controlling a specific disease

Answer 2

•Absolute identification of the causal agent
•It must be established that an immune response can actually protect against the disease in question

Question 3

What are the Classic vaccine that are divided into 2 groups ?

Answer 3

•inactivated (killed) vaccine
•Live vaccine

Question 4

____ is a vaccine consisting of virus particles, bacteria, or other pathogens that have been grown in culture and then killed to destroy disease-producing capacity.

Answer 4

inactivated (killed) vaccine

Question 5

It is use as a weakened (or attenuated) form of the germ that causes a disease.

Answer 5

Live vaccine

Question 6

What are the Advantages of live vaccines ?

Answer 6

•Strong and long – lasting immunity
• Few inoculating doses required Convenient as they can be given by
nonparenteral route (e.g. intranasal)
•Less chance of hypersensitivity
•Viral vaccine may stimulate interferone production

Question 7

What are the two types of immunization?

Answer 7

Passive immunization
Active immunization

Question 8

It provide temporary resistance by transferring antibodies from an animal that possess them from a natural infection

Answer 8

Passive immunization.

Question 9

The result of natural infection or vaccination, which involves the administration of an antigen to an animal so that it responds by developing a protective immune response

Answer 9

Active immunization

Question 10

_____ mean prevention of the disease in question, or control at an economic level.

Answer 10

Efficacy

Question 11

______ means that the vaccine constituents elicit reaction to the immune system to produce antibodies that will combat the disease agent in case the animal is exposed

Answer 11

Protection

Question 12

Injection types for cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat and pig

Answer 12

•Intramuscular (IM)
•Subcutaneous (SQ)
•Intravenous (IV)

Question 13

____ into the muscle. Use a spot on the neck behind the below the ear

Answer 13

Intramuscular (IM)

Question 14

_____ under the skin . Inject only into clean, dry areas. Use loose flaps of skin in the flank of young animals

Answer 14

Subcutaneous (SQ)

Question 15

___ in the veins. Use only upon veterinary instruction and
guidance

Answer 15

Intravenous (IV)

Question 16

What are the Features of an Excellent Vaccine

Answer 16

•Highly immunogenic
•Affords protection of at least 95 % of vaccinates
•Stimulates both the humoral and cellular immune responses

Question 17

What are the Features of an Excellent Vaccine

Answer 17

•Highly immunogenic
•Affords protection of at least 95 % of vaccinates
•Stimulates both the humoral and cellular immune responses

Question 18

What are the Safety features of vaccine?

Answer 18

•Does not produce disease in vaccinate
•Does not spread infection to unvaccinated animal
•Does not contain contaminants
•Does not cause toxic reaction
•Does not cause disease in man

Question 19

What are the Guidelines for Vaccination/Use of vaccines

Answer 19

1) Vaccinate only healthy animals;
2) Do not vaccinate during very hot or wet weather
3) Avoid stress on the animals during vaccination.
4) Do not buy or use expired vaccines and those with broken seals. Always check expiration dates and read label instruction
5) Store vaccines (live or killed) in the refrigerator or at cold temperature (2-6 0C)
6) Transport vaccine in ice chest or covered plastic/Styrofoam containers with ice. Do not place vaccines in your pockets
7) In transporting vaccine, place them in a plastic bag with cracked/cubed ice and put the bag in a covered plastic container