Chapter 2 Flashcards
directional descriptions and body planes
1
Q
ventral
A
belly or underside
2
Q
dorsal
A
back
3
Q
cranial
A
towards the head
4
Q
caudal
A
towards the tail
5
Q
anterior
A
front of the body
6
Q
posterior
A
rear of the body
7
Q
rostal
A
nose end of the head
8
Q
medial
A
means toward the midline
9
Q
lateral
A
away from the midline
10
Q
superior
A
uppermost, above, or toward the head
11
Q
inferior
A
lowermost, below, or toward the tail
12
Q
proximal
A
nearest the midline
13
Q
distal
A
farthest from the midline
14
Q
superficial
A
near the surface
15
Q
deep
A
away from the surface
16
Q
palmar
A
the caudal surface of front paw (manus)
17
Q
plantar
A
caudal surface of the back paw (pes)
18
Q
midsagittal (median) plane
A
divides the body into equal right and left halves
19
Q
Sagittal plane
A
divides the body into unequal right and left parts
20
Q
dorsal plane
A
divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts
21
Q
transverse plane -
A
divides the body into cranial and caudal parts
22
Q
path/o
A
disease
23
Q
eti/c
A
cause
24
Q
lingual surface
A
aspect of the tooth that faces the tongue
25
palatal surface
tooth surface of the maxilla that faces the tongue
26
buccal surface
aspect of the tooth that faces the cheek
27
occlusal surface
aspects of the teeth that meet when the animal chews
28
labial surface
tooth surface facing the lips
29
contact surfaces
aspects of the tooth that touch other teeth
30
abdomen
portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis, containing the abdominal cavity
31
thorax
chest region located between the neck and the diaphragm
32
membranes
thin layers of tissue that cover a surface
33
peritoneum
the membrane lining the walls of the abdominal and pelvic cavities and it covers some organs in this area
34
parietal peritoneum
the outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities
35
visceral peritoneum
inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the abdominal organs
36
umbilicus
the pit in the abdominal wall marking the point where the umbilical cord entered the fetus
37
recumbency
lying down
38
adduction
movement toward the midline
38
abduction
movement away from the midline
38
extension
straightening of a joint angle or the increase in the angle between two bones
38
flexion
means closure of a joint angle, or reduction of the angle between two bones
39
cell membrane
the structure lining the cell that protects threw cells contents and regulates what goes in the out
39
cytoplasm
gelatinous material located in the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
39
nuceolus
produces RNA that forms ribosomes
39
supination
the act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned upward
39
pronation
act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward
39
protoplasm
the cell membrane, cytoplasm, & nucleus
40
mitochondria
energy producers
40
centrioles
rob shaped organelles that maintain cell shape and move chromosomes during cell replication
41
golgi apparatus
chemical processor of the cell
42
endoplasmic reticulum
collection of folding membranes that may contain ribosomes, may or may not contain ribosomes (proteins)
43
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
44
vacuoles
small membrane bound organelles containing water, food, or metabolic waste
45
lysosomes
digestive system of the cell
46
nucleus
structure in the cell that contains the nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and the surrounding membrane
47
tissue
specialized ground of cells that work together to perform a function
48
epithelium/ epithelial tissue
covers internal and external body surfaces and its made up of tightly packed cells in a variety of arrangements
49
endothelium
cellular covering that forms the lining of the internal organs includes blood vessels
50
mesothelium
cellular covering that forms the lining of serious membranes such as the peritoneum
51
connective tissue
adds support and structure the the body by holding the organs in place and bonding body parts together
52
adipose tissue
form of connective tissue also known as fat
53
muscle tissue
tissue type that contains cell material with the specialized ability to contract and relax
54
nervous tissue
tissue type that contains with the specialized ability to react to stimuli and conduct electrical impulses
55
aplasia
lack of development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
55
anaplasia
a change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
56
hypoplasia
incomplete or less than normal development of an organ or a tissue or a cell
57
neoplasia
abnormal new growth of tissue in which multiplication of cells in uncontrolled, more rapid than normal, and progressive
58
-oma
tumor
59
atrophy -
decrease in size or complete wasting of an organ, tissue, or cell
60
dystrophy
defective growth in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell
61
hypertrophy
increase in the size of an organ, tissue, or cell
62
exocrine glands
release chemical substances through ducts that lead out of the body or to another organ
63
endocrine glands
get rid of their chemical substances through the bloodstream which transports them through out the body
64
glands
group of specialized cells that secrete material used elsewhere in the body
65
organ
part of the body that performs a special function or functions
66
oste/o
bones
67
arthr/o
joints
68
chondr/o
cartilage
69
my/o
muscles
70
ten/o
tendons
71
cardi/o
heart
72
arteri/o
arteries
73
ven/o
veins
74
hem/o
blood
75
lymph/o
lymph vessels, fluid, and nodes
76
tonsill/o
tonsils
77
thym/o
thymus
78
splen/o
spleen
79
nas/o
nose or nares
80
trache/o
trachea
81
pneum/o
lungs
82
or/o & stomat/o
mouth
83
esophag/o
esophagus
84
gastr/o
stomach
85
enter/o
small intestine
86
col/o
large intestine
87
hepat/o
liver
88
pancreat/o
pancreas
89
ren/o & nephr/o
kidneys
90
ureter/o
ureters
91
cyst/o
urinary bladder
92
urethr/o
urethra
93
neur/o & neur/i
nerves
94
encephal/o
brain
95
myel/o
spinal cord
96
ophthalm/o
eyes
97
optic/o
sight
98
ot/o & audit/o & aud/i
ears
99
acoust/o & acous/o
sound
100
dermat/o & derm/o &. cutane/o
skin
101
adren/o
adrenals
102
gonad/o
gonads
103
pineal/o
pineal
104
Pituit/o
pituitary
105
thyroif/o & thyr/o
thyroid
106
ovari/o & oophor/o
ovaries
107
orch/o. &. orchi/o & orchid/o & testicul/o
testes
108
Hyster/o & metr/o & metr/i & metri/o
uterus
