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Intro to Criminal Justice > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

offense against persons or property [“street crimes”, “hard to hide crimes”]

A

visible crimes

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2
Q

against people, resulting in death or injury [homicide, rape]

A

violent crimes [vis.]

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3
Q

threaten property, have financial needs [shoplifting, burglary]

A

property crimes [vis.]

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4
Q

threaten well-being of society [vandalism, disorderly conduct, drunkenness]

A

public order crimes [vis.]

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5
Q

committed through legal business opportunities

A

occupational crimes

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6
Q

enterprise of illegal activity [gambling, sex trafficking, money laundering]

A

organized crime

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7
Q

crimes involving various countries [counterfeit money/money laundering, gov. infiltration]

A

transitional crime

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8
Q

willing exchange of illegal goods & services [drug sales, prostitution]

A

victimless crimes

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9
Q

crime committed for ideological purposes [treason, espionage]

A

political crime

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10
Q

crime that involves 1+ computers [stealing funds/identity, not hacking/scamming]

A

cybercrime

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11
Q

the idea that more crime occurs than what is reported

A

dark figure of crime

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12
Q

annual report on reported crimes from the fbi

A

uniform crime reports (ucr)

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13
Q

police report desc. offense, offender data, & victim data

A

national incident-based report system (nibrs)

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14
Q

survey from bureau of justice statistics on reported & unreported crime

A

national crime victimization surveys (ncvs)

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15
Q

8 index offenses

A

criminal homicide, forcible rape, aggravated assault, burglary, robbery, larceny/theft, auto theft, arson

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16
Q

study of role & impact of crime on victim

A

victimology

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17
Q

lifestyle exposure theory

A

based on victim demographics [who is victimized]

18
Q

routine activities theory

A

convergence of specific elements of a crime [who is victimized]

19
Q

age, race, gender

A

specific influence on being victim of a crime [who is victimized]

20
Q

city dwellers

A

below the federal poverty threshold, higher victimization rate [who is victimized

21
Q

costs of crime

A

economic, physical, emotional

22
Q

fear of crime

A

limits freedom, less safe, social anxiety

23
Q

criminal behavior is free will; offenders held accountable & punished

A

classical criminology

24
Q

social, bio., & psych. factors; punished specifically to need of offender

A

positivist criminology

25
Q

born criminals; physical traits/heredity through disease [genetic makeup, iq]

A

criminogenic [bio. explanation]

26
Q

crime caused by unconscious forces & drives (freud) [id, ego, superego: drives, desires, conscience]

A

psych. explanations

27
Q

crime caused by social conditions

A

sociological explanations

28
Q

criminal behavior related to social class

A

social structure theories [soc. explanation]

29
Q

anyone can be a criminal offender: regardless of demographics

A

social process theories [soc. explanation]

30
Q

criminal activity is learned

A

learning theories [soc. explanation]

31
Q

learned from interactions with others

A

theory of differential association [soc. explanation]

32
Q

social links keep society in line [family, church, peers]

A

control theories [soc. explanation]

33
Q

criminal because persons are labeled as criminals by society

A

labeling theories [soc. explanation]

34
Q

laws & justice made by powerful to control the weak [critical theory]

A

critical criminology

35
Q

crimes due to conflict within society [critical theory]

A

social conflict theories

36
Q

focus on male criminality; explores female role in crime [critical theory]

A

feminist theories

37
Q

identify factors that shape criminal activity over lifetime on individual, factors that pos./neg. affect behavior, correlate crime to series of events/life choices

A

life course theories

38
Q

combine differing theoretical perspectives into a larger model

A

integrated theories

39
Q

women in crime

A

less likely to commit crime than men, commit diff. crimes than men, arrested more for larceny/theft

40
Q

learned behavior, labeling effect

A

social process theories

41
Q

punishment used to control certain groups

A

critical theories

42
Q

turning point in one’s life

A

life-course theories

Intro to Criminal Justice (3 decks)

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