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Intro to Criminal Justice > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

actions that violate law, defined by society

A

crime

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2
Q

trad. accepted crimes, wrong in themselves or in nature [homicide, sexual assault]

A

mala in se

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3
Q

prohibited by law, some disagree in harmfulness [gambling, prostitution, drug possession]

A

mala prohibita

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4
Q

upholding society’s interest in fair/just matter [punish those who violate the law]

A

doing justice

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5
Q

identify, prosecute, convict, & punish offenders in fair/legal manner

A

controlling crime

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6
Q

fair, equitable, & lawful prosecutions & punishments [serve as example to society]

A

preventing crime

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7
Q

enacting/enforcing policies based on factual, science-driven data: leads to policy success [indiv./personal police report]

A

evidence-based practices

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8
Q

power divided between national & state gov.

A

federalism

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9
Q

prosecutes violations in federal law [army, coin money, treaties]

A

federal gov.

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10
Q

prosecute violations of state law [all other powers, police]

A

state/local gov.

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11
Q

crimes beyond state borders [crime syndicates, terrorism, drug trafficking, internet crimes against children]

A

federal involvement

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12
Q

complex whole made up of interdependent agencies, each contribute to syst. function (relies on/affects others) [police, prosecutor’s office, courts, corrections]

A

system

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13
Q

mutual transfer/utilization of resources; need to gain cooperation from each agency

A

exchange

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14
Q

accused/defendant admits guilty to crime in exchange for a reduced sentence/reduction in charges

A

plea bargain

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15
Q

official authority to make decisions using own judgment

A

discretion

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16
Q

agencies depend on other agencies for funding

A

resource dependence

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17
Q

decisions made in specific order

A

sequential tasks

18
Q

screening process that gradually exits people out of system

A

filtering

19
Q

keep the peace, apprehend violators, prevent crime, provide social services

A

police

20
Q

each state = own courts, federal system = own courts

A

dual-court system

21
Q

determine guilt or innocence of a defendant [fair procedure = just, reliable decisions]

A

adjudication

22
Q

state & federal prisons, jails, probation, parole

A

corrections

23
Q

13 steps decision-making process

A

investigation, arrest, booking, charging, initial appearance, prelim. hearing/grand jury, indictment/info., arraignment, trial, sentencing, appeal, corrections, release

24
Q

different treatment between groups, (age, gender, race) can result from fair or unfair practices

A

disparity

25
Q

group is treated differently because of age, gender, or race; unfair practices

A

discrimination

26
Q

police investigate allegation of a crime being committed

A

investigation [1]

27
Q

due to sufficient evidence (probable cause), offender is taken into custody

A

arrest [2]

28
Q

offender taken to a jail; photographed & fingerprinted

A

booking [3]

29
Q

prosecutor decides if case will be adjudicated

A

charging [4]

30
Q

defendant brought before judge, formally notified of charges, advised of rights, judge decides if there is enough evidence to proceed

A

initial appearance [5]

31
Q

prosecutor prepares formal charging doc. & presents it to court

A

indictment/info. [7]

31
Q

judge: oversees trial, ensures all rights are protected
bench trial: judge determines guilt or innocence
jury trial: jury determines guilt or innocence

A

trial [9]

31
Q

judge decides if there is probable cause, grand jury decides whether there is enough evidence to file an indictment

A

prelim. hearing/grand jury [6]

32
Q

defendant is read info./indictment, defendant pleads guilty/not guilty, plea bargain can be agreed upon

A

arraignmemt [8]

33
Q

judge imposes punishment [prison, probation, suspended sentence, fine]

A

sentencing [10]

34
Q

higher court may review case, new trial if violation found

A

appeal [11]

35
Q

carry out judge’s sentence: probation, prison

A

corrections [12]

36
Q

completed imposed sentence, parole

A

release [13]

37
Q

allows convicted to serve their sentence not in custody

A

probation

38
Q

custodial separation from society

A

prison

39
Q

released early from custodial sentence & allowed to serve rest of sentence not in custody

A

parole

Intro to Criminal Justice (3 decks)

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