Chapter 2 Flashcards
WHat is Theoria
signifies those sciences and activities
concerned with knowing for its own sake,
what is praxis
corresponds to action or doing.
What did Dewey men when he described experimental knowing?
as
essentially an art that involves a conscious, directed manipulation of objects and situations. “The craftsman perfects his art, not by comparing his product to some ‘ideal’ model, but by the cumulative results of experience—experience which benefits from tried and tested procedures but always involves risk
and novelty”
When Dewey described empirical investigation, what did he mean?
that is, research, as the
ground between theory and practice and the testing of theory in action.
Among the most important challenges facing us?
is to understand health behavior and to transform
knowledge about behavior into effective strategies for health enhancement
The larger picture of health
improvement and disease reduction is better described as a cycle of interacting types of endeavors, which are?
fundamental research
intervention research, surveillance research , and application and program delivery
What is fundamental research?
research into determinants as well as development of methodologies
What is intervention research?
research aimed toward change
What is surveillance research?
research that tracks
population-wide trends, including maintenance of change
Regularly updated critical appraisals of the
available literature are central to?
identifying interventions that should be disseminated in order to reduce
the burden of disease
What are interventionists?
Professionals charged with responsibility for improving health behavior
The design of interventions that yield desirable changes can be improved when….
it is done with an
understanding of theories of behavior change and an ability to use them skillfully in research and practice
In health behavior, the circumstances include?
the nature of the target audience and the
setting, resources, goals, and constraints
What Is Theory?
is a set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of
events or situations by specifying relations among variables, in order to explain and predict events or
situations.
What do we mean when we say Theories are by their nature abstract?
they do not have a specified content or topic
area. Like an empty coffee cup, they have a shape and boundaries but nothing concrete inside
What is a formal theory?
more an ideal than a reality—is a completely closed deductive system of propositions
that identifies the interrelationships among the concepts and is a systematic view of the phenomena
In terms of program planning and theory, what is the WHY?
why people are not following public health and medical advice
or not caring for themselves in healthy ways
In terms of program planning and theory, what is the what?
What one needs to know before
developing and organizing an intervention program and what should be monitored, measured, and/or compared in a program evaluation
In terms of program planning and theory, what is the how?
They can provide insight into how to shape program
strategies to reach people and organizations and make an impact on them
What are Explanatory
theories?
often called a theory of the problem, help to describe and identify why a problem exists. These theories also predict behaviors under defined conditions. They guide the search for modifiable factors like
knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, lack of resources, and so on
What are change theories?
theories of action, guide the development of interventions. They also form the basis for evaluation,
pushing the evaluator to make explicit her or his assumptions about how a program should work.
What are Implementation theories?
are change theories that link theory specifically to a given problem, audience,
and context
The why tells us?
about the processes through which changes occur in particular target variables.
The proliferation of theories in
health behavior poses a challenge:
When do we accept a theory as truly advancing our understanding of a
phenomenon?
