Chapter 2

Question 1

the watery areas of the Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water

Answer 1

hydrosphere

Question 2

uppermost layer of the earth that includes the crust, continents and ocean basin

Answer 2

lithosphere

Question 3

layer of gases that surrounds the earth

Answer 3

atmosphere

Question 4

the part of the earth here life exists

Answer 4

biosphere

Question 5

part of a continent that extends out underneath the ocean

Answer 5

continental shelf

Question 6

the innermost layer of the earth made up of a super hot but solid inner core and a super hot outer core

Answer 6

core

Question 7

thick middle layer of the earths interior structure consisting of hot rock that is dense but flexible

Answer 7

mantle

Question 8

outer layer of earth, a hard rocky shell forming earths surface

Answer 8

crust

Question 9

the theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart

Answer 9

continental drift

Question 10

the term scientist use to describe the activities of continental drift and magma flow, which create many of earths physical features

Answer 10

plate tectonics

Question 11

molten rock that is located below earths surface

Answer 11

magma

Question 12

process by which oceanic plates dive beneath continental plates, often causing mountains to form on land

Answer 12

subsection

Question 13

slow process in which an oceanic plate sides under a continental plate, creating debris that can cause continents to grow

Answer 13

accretion

Question 14

process by which magma wells up between oceanic plates and pushes the plates apart

Answer 14

spreading

Question 15

a bend in layers of rock sometimes caused by plate movement

Answer 15

fold

Question 16

a crack or break in earths crust

Answer 16

fault

Question 17

a process of cracking that occurs when the folded land cannot be bent any further

Answer 17

faulting

Question 18

chemical or physical processes that break down rock into smaller pieces

Answer 18

weathering

Question 19

the movement of weathered rock and material by wind, glaciers, and moving water

Answer 19

erosion

Question 20

a large body of ice that moves across the surface of the earth

Answer 20

glacier

Question 21

piles of rocky debris left by melting glaciers

Answer 21

moraine

Question 22

regular movement of earths water from ocean to air to ground and back to the ocean

Answer 22

water cycle

Question 23

process of converting into vapors or gas

Answer 23

evaporation

Question 24

the process of excess water vapor changing into liquid water

Answer 24

condensation

Question 25

moisture that falls to the earth as rain, sleet, hail, or snow

Answer 25

precipitation

Question 26

the removal of salt from seawater to make it usable for drinking and farming

Answer 26

desalination

Question 27

water located underground within the earth that supplies wells and springs

Answer 27

groundwater

Question 28

underground water bearing layers of pours rock, sand, or gravel

Answer 28

aquifer

Question 29

what are small, irregular shaped, planet like objects found mainly between Mars and Jupiter

Answer 29

asteroids

Question 30

what is earth part of that contains other planets, moons and stars

Answer 30

solar system

Question 31

what is the only layer of earth where life exist

Answer 31

biosphere

Question 32

what keeps the planets revolving around the sun

Answer 32

the suns gravitational pull

Question 33

why would a geographer think understanding our solar system is important

Answer 33

to understand the earths environment

Question 34

what does earths lithosphere consist of

Answer 34

crust, continents, and ocean basins

Question 35

what classifies our solar systems four inner planets as terrestrial

Answer 35

they have a solid, rocky crust

Question 36

what does a solar system that consist of group of planets revolve around

Answer 36

sun or a giant star

Question 37

what is the part of earth that consists of 78% nitrogen, reaches over 348 miles from the surface of the earth

Answer 37

atmosphere

Question 38

what planets comprise the solar system and where are they located

Answer 38

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Question 39

what is earths uppermost layer where land forms form

Answer 39

crust

Question 40

earth is made up of what percents

Answer 40

70% water and 30% land

Question 41

what is the external force that is constantly changing earths surface

Answer 41

wind and water

Question 42

the three layers of earth

Answer 42

crust, mantle, core

Question 43

what forces where the Andes Mountains created by

Answer 43

when giant tectonic plates colloid

Question 44

what internal process leads to earthquakes in places like California

Answer 44

when plates meet tension builds up at the fault lines

Question 45

what is the result of a sudden earthquake as bent tectonic plates release tension

Answer 45

when the tension builds up so much that the rocks suddenly snap and shift

Question 46

what is the hottest of earths three structural layers

Answer 46

core

Question 47

what do scientist think separated Pangaea

Answer 47

continental drift

Question 48

which of earths layers is the thickest

Answer 48

mantle

Question 49

wind and water movements, which are external forces that change the earths surface involve what 2 processes

Answer 49

weathering and erosion

Question 50

what kind of external force was the grand canyon created by

Answer 50

water erosion

Question 51

the total amount of what on earth does not change

Answer 51

water

Question 52

what percent of earths water is salt water

Answer 52

97%

Question 53

what is a source of freshwater

Answer 53

in glaciers, ice caps, lakes, streams, rivers, and underground

Question 54

what provides the energy that drives the water cycle

Answer 54

sun

Question 55

desalination technology has been developed to resolve the problem of what

Answer 55

scarcity of freshwater

Question 56

earths oceans are one huge what

Answer 56

continuous body of water

Question 57

why is most of earths freshwater supply not available for consumption

Answer 57

It is frozen in glaciers and ice caps.

Question 58

what does the expression "This years rain is last years snow" refer to

Answer 58

The amount of water on Earth does not change and is cycled in an unending process despite its changing physical state.

Question 59

The sun activates the water cycle by doing what to the water on the surface surface of a body of water

Answer 59

evaporating

Question 60

most of earths water is in what kind of ice cap

Answer 60

polar ice caps

Question 61

how does the sun drive the water cycle

Answer 61

it evaporates water on Earths surface

Question 62

where is earths freshwater supply located

Answer 62

polar ice caps

Question 63

how does humidity affect the movement of water in the water cycle

Answer 63

High humdity accelerates condensation and precipitation

Question 64

what process occurs when water vapor in the air becomes cold and changes back into liquid forming clouds

Answer 64

evaporation

Question 65

more than 2/3 of the earths freshwater is frozen as what

Answer 65

glaciers and ice caps

Question 66

describe the water cycle and the process by which the water cycle occurs

Answer 66

Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow