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World Geography > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

the watery areas of the Earth, including oceans, lakes, rivers, and other bodies of water

A

hydrosphere

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2
Q

uppermost layer of the earth that includes the crust, continents and ocean basin

A

lithosphere

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3
Q

layer of gases that surrounds the earth

A

atmosphere

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4
Q

the part of the earth here life exists

A

biosphere

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5
Q

part of a continent that extends out underneath the ocean

A

continental shelf

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6
Q

the innermost layer of the earth made up of a super hot but solid inner core and a super hot outer core

A

core

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7
Q

thick middle layer of the earths interior structure consisting of hot rock that is dense but flexible

A

mantle

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8
Q

outer layer of earth, a hard rocky shell forming earths surface

A

crust

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9
Q

the theory that the continents were once joined and then slowly drifted apart

A

continental drift

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10
Q

the term scientist use to describe the activities of continental drift and magma flow, which create many of earths physical features

A

plate tectonics

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11
Q

molten rock that is located below earths surface

A

magma

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12
Q

process by which oceanic plates dive beneath continental plates, often causing mountains to form on land

A

subsection

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13
Q

slow process in which an oceanic plate sides under a continental plate, creating debris that can cause continents to grow

A

accretion

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14
Q

process by which magma wells up between oceanic plates and pushes the plates apart

A

spreading

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15
Q

a bend in layers of rock sometimes caused by plate movement

A

fold

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16
Q

a crack or break in earths crust

A

fault

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17
Q

a process of cracking that occurs when the folded land cannot be bent any further

A

faulting

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18
Q

chemical or physical processes that break down rock into smaller pieces

A

weathering

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19
Q

the movement of weathered rock and material by wind, glaciers, and moving water

A

erosion

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20
Q

a large body of ice that moves across the surface of the earth

A

glacier

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21
Q

piles of rocky debris left by melting glaciers

A

moraine

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22
Q

regular movement of earths water from ocean to air to ground and back to the ocean

A

water cycle

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23
Q

process of converting into vapors or gas

A

evaporation

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24
Q

the process of excess water vapor changing into liquid water

A

condensation

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25
Q

moisture that falls to the earth as rain, sleet, hail, or snow

A

precipitation

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26
Q

the removal of salt from seawater to make it usable for drinking and farming

A

desalination

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27
Q

water located underground within the earth that supplies wells and springs

A

groundwater

28
Q

underground water bearing layers of pours rock, sand, or gravel

A

aquifer

29
Q

what are small, irregular shaped, planet like objects found mainly between Mars and Jupiter

A

asteroids

30
Q

what is earth part of that contains other planets, moons and stars

A

solar system

31
Q

what is the only layer of earth where life exist

A

biosphere

32
Q

what keeps the planets revolving around the sun

A

the suns gravitational pull

33
Q

why would a geographer think understanding our solar system is important

A

to understand the earths environment

34
Q

what does earths lithosphere consist of

A

crust, continents, and ocean basins

35
Q

what classifies our solar systems four inner planets as terrestrial

A

they have a solid, rocky crust

36
Q

what does a solar system that consist of group of planets revolve around

A

sun or a giant star

37
Q

what is the part of earth that consists of 78% nitrogen, reaches over 348 miles from the surface of the earth

A

atmosphere

38
Q

what planets comprise the solar system and where are they located

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

39
Q

what is earths uppermost layer where land forms form

A

crust

40
Q

earth is made up of what percents

A

70% water and 30% land

41
Q

what is the external force that is constantly changing earths surface

A

wind and water

42
Q

the three layers of earth

A

crust, mantle, core

43
Q

what forces where the Andes Mountains created by

A

when giant tectonic plates colloid

44
Q

what internal process leads to earthquakes in places like California

A

when plates meet tension builds up at the fault lines

45
Q

what is the result of a sudden earthquake as bent tectonic plates release tension

A

when the tension builds up so much that the rocks suddenly snap and shift

46
Q

what is the hottest of earths three structural layers

A

core

47
Q

what do scientist think separated Pangaea

A

continental drift

48
Q

which of earths layers is the thickest

A

mantle

49
Q

wind and water movements, which are external forces that change the earths surface involve what 2 processes

A

weathering and erosion

50
Q

what kind of external force was the grand canyon created by

A

water erosion

51
Q

the total amount of what on earth does not change

A

water

52
Q

what percent of earths water is salt water

A

97%

53
Q

what is a source of freshwater

A

in glaciers, ice caps, lakes, streams, rivers, and underground

54
Q

what provides the energy that drives the water cycle

A

sun

55
Q

desalination technology has been developed to resolve the problem of what

A

scarcity of freshwater

56
Q

earths oceans are one huge what

A

continuous body of water

57
Q

why is most of earths freshwater supply not available for consumption

A

It is frozen in glaciers and ice caps.

58
Q

what does the expression “This years rain is last years snow” refer to

A

The amount of water on Earth does not change and is cycled in an unending process despite its changing physical state.

59
Q

The sun activates the water cycle by doing what to the water on the surface surface of a body of water

A

evaporating

60
Q

most of earths water is in what kind of ice cap

A

polar ice caps

61
Q

how does the sun drive the water cycle

A

it evaporates water on Earths surface

62
Q

where is earths freshwater supply located

A

polar ice caps

63
Q

how does humidity affect the movement of water in the water cycle

A

High humdity accelerates condensation and precipitation

64
Q

what process occurs when water vapor in the air becomes cold and changes back into liquid forming clouds

A

evaporation

65
Q

more than 2/3 of the earths freshwater is frozen as what

A

glaciers and ice caps

66
Q

describe the water cycle and the process by which the water cycle occurs

A

Liquid water evaporates into water vapor, condenses to form clouds, and precipitates back to earth in the form of rain and snow

World Geography (7 decks)

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