Chapter 2

Question 1

Material culture

Answer 1

All physical objects created by members of a society and the meaning/
significance attached to them.

Question 2

Nonmaterial culture

Answer 2

Abstract human creations and their meaning/
significance in life. (attitudes, beliefs, customs, ideas…)

Question 3

Culture

Answer 3

material and nonmaterial culture shared by a society and transmitted to the next generation

Question 4

Norms

Answer 4

A culture’s rules of conduct-internalized by the members-embodying the society’s fundamental expectations

Question 5

Acculturation

Answer 5

The process of a minority group adapting their distinctive cultural traits to those of the host society

Question 6

linguistic relativity

Answer 6

the proposal that the particular language we speak influences the way we think about reality

Question 7

Paralinguistic signals

Answer 7

Sounds but not words like a sigh, or a kissy sound

Question 8

The Thomas Theorem

Answer 8

William I. Thomas observed that if people define situations as real, those situations become real in their consequences.

Question 9

Cultural Transmission

Answer 9

The process in which each generation transmits its culture to the next generation.

Question 10

Cultural diffusion

Answer 10

The phenomenon that cultures are inevitably influenced by other cultures

Question 11

Cultural contact

Answer 11

Contact between peoples with different cultures usually leading to change to both systems

Question 12

Culture shock

Answer 12

The feeling people get when their assumptions are jolted through contact with an unfamiliar culture that supports different expectations

Question 13

Chain migration

Answer 13

the pattern of settling in an are already containing, family, friends, or compatriots that immigrants usually follow

Question 14

Parallel social institutions

Answer 14

clubs, organizations, newspapers, schools, churches, stores duplicating those of the host society appear creating a cohesiveness within a minority subculture

Question 15

Ethnic subcultures

Answer 15

immigrants develop a group consciousness unknown in their old countries

Question 16

Convergent subcultures

Answer 16

Some ethnic subcultures tend toward assimilation with the dominant society

Question 17

Marginality

Answer 17

living under stress in two cultures simultaneously

Question 18

Persistent subcultures

Answer 18

The cultures that do not assimilate whether from not wanting to or not being able to

Question 19

Assimilation (majority-conformity) theory

Answer 19

Refers to the functioning within a society of racial or ethnic minority-group members who no longer posses any marked cultural, social, or personal differences from those of the dominant group.

Question 20

The Americanization movement

Answer 20

government and private agencies encouraging immigrants to immediately adopt US practices: citizenship, reverence for US institutions, and the english language Started during WW1

Question 21

Cultural Assimilation (acculturation)

Answer 21

The changes of cultural patterns to match those of the host society

Question 22

Marital assimilation (amalgamation)

Answer 22

Large scale intermarriage with members of the majority society

Question 23

structural assimilation

Answer 23

large scale entrance into the cliques, clubs, and institutions of the host society on a primary group level

Question 24

The best ways to tell the extent of acceptance of minority groups in the larger society?

Answer 24

Acculturation, amalgamation, structural assimilation

Question 25

Primary structural assimilation

Answer 25

Typically involves close, personal interactions among dominant and minority group members in small group settings such as parties, social clubs, and other interactive gatherings

Question 26

Secondary Structural assimilation

Answer 26

Typically involves the more impersonal public sphere of interaction such as intergroup mingling in civic, recreational, school, or work environments

Question 27

Amalgamation AKA the melting pot theory

Answer 27

All diverse peoples blend their biological and cultural differences (through intermarriage and creation of new culture) into a new breed- the American

Question 28

Anglo-conformity

Answer 28

being remade according to the the idealized anglo saxon mold

Question 29

Accommodation (pluralistic) theory

Answer 29

Recognizes the persistence of racial and ethnic diversity

Question 30

Horace Keller

Answer 30

generally recognized as the first exponent of cultural pluralism

Question 31

Cultural pluralism

Answer 31

two or more culturally distinct groups living in the same society in relative harmony-has been the more noticeable form of pluralism

Question 32

Structural pluralism

Answer 32

the coexistence of racial and ethnic groups in sub societies within social class and regional boundaries- less noticeable than cultural pluralism