Chapter 1

Question 1

Migration

Answer 1

The general term that refers to the movement of people into and out of a specified area.

Question 2

Emigration

Answer 2

Refers to the movement of people out of a country to settle in another

Question 3

Immigration

Answer 3

refers to the movement of people into a new country to become permanent residents

Question 4

Sociologists use this term not to designate a group’s numerical representation but to indicate its relative power and status in a society.

Answer 4

minority group

Question 5

Afrocentrism

Answer 5

A viewpoint that emphasizes African culture and its influence on western civilizations and the behavior of American blacks

Question 6

Moderate Afrocentrism

Answer 6

Is an effort to counterbalance Eurocentrism and the suppression of African influence in American culture by teaching African heritage in addition to European heritage

Question 7

Bold Afrocentrism

Answer 7

Becomes another variation of ethnocentrism

Question 8

A variation of ethnocentrism in which content, emphasis or both in history, literature, and other humanities primarily, if not exclusively, concern Western culture.

Answer 8

Eurocentrism

Question 9

Ascribed status

Answer 9

One is born into it

Question 10

We will use this term when referring to a minority group’s relationships with the rest of society

Answer 10

Dominant group

Question 11

Endogamy

Answer 11

They tend to marry within their group, either by choice or by necessity because of their social isolation.

Question 12

Categoric knowing

Answer 12

The classification of others on the basis of limited information obtained visually and perhaps verbally

Question 13

Proponents of this theory, influenced by Karl Marx’s socioeconomic view of an elite exploiting the masses, see society as being continually engaged in a series of disagreements, tensions, and clashes as different groups compete for limited resources

Answer 13

Conflict theory

Question 14

Manifest functions

Answer 14

obvious and intended results

Question 15

latent functions

Answer 15

hidden and unexpected results

Question 16

Cultural relativism

Answer 16

Evaluates beliefs and behavior in the context of that culture

Question 17

Ethnocentrism

Answer 17

a “view of things in which one’s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it.”

Question 18

Ingroup

Answer 18

A group to which individuals belong and feel loyal

Question 19

outgroup

Answer 19

Consists of all people who are not members of one’s ingroup.

Question 20

Dillingham Flaw

Answer 20

refers to an inaccurate comparison based on simplistic categorizations and outdated judgements

Question 21

scientific method

Answer 21

Repeated objective observation; precise measurement, careful description, the formulation of theories based on the best possible explanations, and the gatherings of additional information about the questions that follow from those theories.

Question 22

Values

Answer 22

socially shared conceptions of what is good or bad.

Question 23

What goes beyond racial similarity to encompass

Answer 23

Ethnicity

Question 24

False consciousness

Answer 24

holding attitudes that do not accurately reflect the facts of a situation.

Question 25

Ideology

Answer 25

a set of generalized beliefs used to explain and justify the interests of those who hold them

Question 26

Functionalist theory

Answer 26

Emphasizes that the various parts of society have functions or positive effects that promote solidarity and maintain the stability of the whole

Question 27

Macrosocial theory

Answer 27

focuses on society itself

Question 28

Microsocial theory

Answer 28

examines only one aspect within society.

Question 29

interactionist theory

Answer 29

Examines the microsocial world of personal interaction patterns in everyday life rather than the macrosocial aspects of social institutions and their harmony or conflict.

Question 30

symbolic interaction

Answer 30

the shared symbols and definitions people use when communicating with others

Question 31

Social construction of reality

Answer 31

individuals create a background against which to understand their separate actions and interactions with others

Question 32

Race

Answer 32

a categorization in which people sharing visible biological characteristics regard themselves or are regarded by others as a single group on that basis.

Question 33

racism

Answer 33

The linking of biological conditions with alleged abilities and behavior to asset the superiority of one race.

Question 34

An outgroup may become a positive ( ) if members of the ingroup think that it has an obvious advantage over them.

Answer 34

reference group

Question 35

social identity theory

Answer 35

Holds that ingroup members almost automatically think of their group as better than outgroups because doing so enhances their own social status or social identity and thus raises the value of their self image

Question 36

social distance

Answer 36

The degree of closeness or remoteness individuals prefer in interactions with members of other groups.