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333 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When was Zuse’s Plankakul designed?

A
  1. Never implemented. Not published until 1972
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2
Q

What was the environment for the development of Zuse’s. and what was it used for

A

Environment = limited hardware,limited impact

Use = wasnt implemented

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3
Q

Pseudocode environment and use

A

No specific environment

use = break bigger problems down into smaller ones

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4
Q

What was speedcoding created for?

A

IBM 701

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5
Q

Was Fortran 0 implemented?

A

no

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6
Q

What was the environment for Fortran 1 and use?

A

IBM 704 had little memory. Machine efficiency was very important.

use = business software/scientific computing

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7
Q

How was fortran II different from Fortran I?

A

More reliable and bug fixes

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8
Q

What was important about Fortran 77

A

It became the new standard in 1978

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9
Q

Why was Fortran important?

A

It changed how computers are used

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10
Q

Why was LISP created?

A

AI research needed a language to support

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11
Q

Why was LISP important?

A

It pioneered functional programming

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12
Q

Why was Scheme created and where is it used?

A

Created to promote functional programming.

used in computer science courses

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13
Q

What is COMMON LISP

A

Feature rich dialect of LISP (it combines features of several LISP dialects) (almost opposite of scheme)

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14
Q

Environment of development for ALGOL 60

A

No universal language for communicating algorithms.
No portable languages
Needed to design a universal language

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15
Q

What was the goal for ALGOL

A

it must be close to mathematical notation.
good for describing algorithms
must be translatable

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16
Q

When was ALGOL 58 implemented?

A

It was never implemented but variations of it was

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17
Q

Environment of development for COBOL

A

Only few proprietary business languages at the time

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18
Q

On what programming language is COBOL based on?

A

FLOW-MATIC

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19
Q

what is COBOL used for?

A

Transaction processing, Data security (business application language)

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20
Q

What was the environment of development for BASIC

A

Time sharing systems was on the rise

21
Q

What was BASIC used for?

A

A general programming language.
first widely used language with time sharing

22
Q

What was the environment of development for PL/I

A

Scientific users needed better I/O

Business users needed floating point + arrays

23
Q

What was PL/I used for?

A

Business, Scientific and Engineering applications

24
Q

What was bad about PL/I?

A

poorly designed. Too large and too complex

25
Q

What was the 2 early dynamic languages?

A

APL and SNOBOL

26
Q

What was APL designed as?

A

A hardware description language

27
Q

What is orthogonality?

A

the ability to “mix” different data types and perform operations with them

28
Q

What was SNOBOL originally used for?

A

Writing text editors

29
Q

What was SIMULA 67 designed for?

A

system simulation

30
Q

How did SIMULA 67 advance programming?

A

It introduced coroutines and the beginnings of data abstraction

31
Q

What was the design of the ALGOL 68 based on?

A

Orthogonality

32
Q

What did ALGOL 68 contribute?

A

user-defined data structures. reference types. dynamic arrays

33
Q

For what was C developed?

A

systems programming at Bell Labs

34
Q

What is Prolog based on?

A

Formal logic

35
Q

What was history’s largest design effort?

A

Ada

36
Q

What was Ada developed for?

A

US DoD

37
Q

How many languages were in use by the DoD before Ada?

A

450+

38
Q

What was Ada intended for?

A

Embedded system development

39
Q

What did Ada contribute?

A

Packages, Exception handling, Generic Program units, Concurrency

40
Q

What language had the first full implementation of true OO

A

Smalltalk

41
Q

What did Smalltalk bring to the table?

A

Promoted GUI design and OOP paradigm

42
Q

From where did C++ evolve from?

A

C + SIMULA 67

43
Q

What was Java based on?

A

C++ without struct union and enum(enum is implemented as classes) or pointers

44
Q

What is perl uses?

A

UNIX system text file processing, CGI programming. UNIX general system administration

45
Q

What is PHP often used for?

A

Form processing + database access via the web

46
Q

What is JavaScript used for?

A

Dynamic HTML documents

47
Q

What was the 1st Japanese language to be widely used in US and what did it replace?

A

Ruby

Perl and Python

48
Q
A

333 (11 decks)

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