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Body Structures & Functions > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Chemistry of Living Things

1
Q

acid

A

chemical compound that ionizes to form hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution

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2
Q

alkali

A

a substance that, when dissolved in water, ionizes into negatively charged hydroxide (OH) ions and positively charged ions of a metal

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3
Q

amino acids

A

small molecular unites that make up protein molecules

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4
Q

atom

A

smallest piece of an element

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5
Q

base

A

chemical compound yielding hydroxyl ions (OH - ) in an aqueous solution, which will react with acid to form a salt and water

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6
Q

buffer

A

a compound that maintains the chemical balances in a living organism

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7
Q

carbohydrate

A

an organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch

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8
Q

chemical bond

A

bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements

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9
Q

chemistry

A

study of structure of matter and the composition of substances, their properties, and their chemical reactions

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10
Q

cholesterol

A

a steroid normally synthesized in the liver and also ingested in egg yolks, animal fats, and tissues

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11
Q

compounds

A

elements combined in definite proportion by weight to form a new substance

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12
Q

covalent bond

A

type of bond in which the atoms share electrons to fill the outermost shell or levels

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13
Q

dehydrated (dee-HYE-dray-ted)

A

an abnormal depletion of body fluids

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14
Q

dehydration synthesis (dee-HYE-dray-ted)

A

occurs when water is removed from a molecule; the molecule fuses together and a new substance is formed during the anabolic process

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15
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (dee-ock-see-rye-boh-new-KLEE-ik)

A

a nucleic acid containing the elements of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; genetic material

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16
Q

disaccharide (dye-SAK-ih-ride)

A

double sugar

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17
Q

electrolytes (ee-LEK-troh-lights)

A

electrically charged particles that help determine fluid and acid-base balance

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18
Q

electron

A

a subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells; an electron has a negative (-) charge

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19
Q

element

A

made up of like atoms; substance that can neither be created nor destroyed

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20
Q

energy

A

ability to do work

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21
Q

enzymes

A

organic catalysts that initiate and accelerate a chemical reaction

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22
Q

extracellular fluid

A

fluid outside of a cell

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23
Q

fat

A

compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids

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24
Q

glycogen

A

polysaccharide formed and stored largely in the liver

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25
Q

hydrogen bond

A

bond that holds water molecules together and by forming a bridge between the negative oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive hydrogen atom of another molecule

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26
Q

hydrolysis

A

occurs when water is added to the molecule to break down larger molecules in a catabolic reaction

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27
Q

hydroxide

A

one atom of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

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28
Q

interstitial fluid

A

another name of lymph fluid; fluid between the tissue

29
Q

intracellular fluid

A

fluid within the cell

30
Q

ion

A

an electrically chareged atom

31
Q

ionic bond

A

bond in which one atom gives up an electron to another atom

32
Q

isotopes (eye-so-TOWPS)

A

atoms of a specific element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

33
Q

kinetic energy (kih-NET-ik)

A

work resulting in motion

34
Q

lipid

A

fatty compound

35
Q

matter

A

anything that has weight and occupies space

36
Q

molecule (MOL-eh-kyool)

A

the smallest unit of a compound that still has the properties of the compound

37
Q

monosaccharide (mon-oh-SAK-ah-rides)

A

simple sugar; glucose

38
Q

multicellular

A

many celled

39
Q

neutralization (new-tral-ih-ZAY-shun)

A

process in which an acid and a base combine to form a salt and water

40
Q

neutron

A

a subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom; a neutron has no electric charge

41
Q

nucleic acid

A

organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (i.e., DNA, RNA)

42
Q

organic catalyst

A

a substance that affects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed

43
Q

organic compound (or-GAN-ik)

A

compound that contains the element carbon

44
Q

pH scale

A

a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution

45
Q

phospholipids

A

fats that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus

46
Q

polysaccharide

A

a complex sugar

47
Q

potential energy

A

energy stored in cells waiting to be released

48
Q

protein

A

an organic compound containing the elements of carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; nitrogen; and most times, phosphorus and sulfurs; protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue

49
Q

protein synthesis

A

production of protein by the cells that are essential to life

50
Q

proton

A

a subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom; the proton has a positive (+) charge

51
Q

radioactive

A

capable of emitting energy in the form of radiation

52
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA) (rye-boh-new-KLEE-ik)

A

type of nucleic acid

53
Q

steriods

A

lipids or fats that contain cholesterol

54
Q

triglycerides

A

also called fats consist of glycerol and fatty acids, make up 95% of fats in the human body

55
Q

unicellular (YOO-nih-SELL-you-lar)

A

composed of one cell

56
Q

protons

A

a subatomic particle of an atom; with neutrons, it makes up the nucleus of the atom; the proton has a positive (+) charge

57
Q

neutrons

A

a subatomic particle of an atom that, with a proton, makes up the nucleus of the atom; a neutron has no electric charge

58
Q

electrons

A

a subatomic particle of an atom that is arranged around the nucleus in orbital zones or electron shells; an electron has a negative (–) charge

59
Q

organic compounds

A

compound that contains the element carbon

60
Q

chemical bonds

A

bond formed when atoms share or combine their electrons with atoms of other elements

61
Q

carbohydrates

A

an organic compound of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as sugar or starch

62
Q

Monosaccharides

A

simple sugar; glucose

63
Q

polysaccharides

A

a complex sugar

64
Q

Lipids

A

fatty compound

65
Q

Fats

A

compound made up of glycerol and fatty acids

66
Q

proteins

A

an organic compound containing the elements of carbon; hydrogen; oxygen; nitrogen; and most times, phosphorus and sulfur; protein is necessary to build and repair body tissue

67
Q

organic catalysts

A

a substance that effects the rate of speed of a chemical reaction without itself being changed

68
Q

Nucleic acids

A

organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus (i.e., DNA, RNA)

Body Structures & Functions (5 decks)

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