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Body Structures & Functions > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Intro to the Structural Units

1
Q

abdominal cavity

A

area of the body that contains the stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, small intestine, appendix, and part of the large intestine

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2
Q

abdominopelvic cavity (ab-dom-ih-noh-PEL-vick)

A

area below the diaphragm, with no separation between the abdomen and pelvis

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3
Q

anabolism (ah-NAB-oh-lizm)

A

building up of complex materials in metabolim

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4
Q

anatomical position

A

body standing erect, face forward, arms at side, and palms forward

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5
Q

anatomy (ah-NAT-oh-mee)

A

the study of the structure of an organism

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6
Q

anterior

A

front or ventral

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7
Q

biology (bye-OL-oh-jee)

A

the study of all forms of life

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8
Q

buccal cavity (BUCK-ull)

A

mouth cavity bounded by the inner surface of the cheek

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9
Q

catabolism (kah-TAB-oh-lizm)

A

the breaking down and changing of complex materials with the release of energy; a process in metabolism

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10
Q

caudal (KAWD-al)

A

refers to direction, near the tall end of the body

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11
Q

cell

A

basic unit of structure and function of all living things

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12
Q

cephalic (seh-FAL-ick)

A

directional term used to mean toward the head

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13
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

A

frontal plane at a right angle to the sagittal plan; divides the body into anterior and posterior segments

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14
Q

cranial cavity

A

area of the body containing the brain

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15
Q

cytology (sigh-TOL-oh-jee)

A

study of cells

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16
Q

deep

A

directional term used to describe an internal organ within the body ssuch as the stomach

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17
Q

dermatology (der-mah-TOL-oh-jee)

A

study of the physiology and pathology of the skin

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18
Q

disease (diz-EASE)

A

any abnormal changes in the structure and function of an organism that produces symptoms

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19
Q

distal

A

farthest from the point of origin of a structure; opposite of proximal

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20
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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21
Q

dorsal cavity

A

posterior cavity of the body that houses the brain and spinal column

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22
Q

embryology (em-bree-OL-oh-jee)

A

study of the formation of an organism from fertilized egg to birth

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23
Q

endocrinology (en-doh-krin-OL-oh-jee)

A

study of the physiology and pathology of the hormonal system

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24
Q

epigastric (ep-ih-GAS-trick)

A

upper region of the abdominal cavity, located just below the sternum

25
Q

external

A

superficial; at or near the surface of the skin

26
Q

histology (hiss-TOL-oh-jee)

A

microscopic study of living tissues

27
Q

homeostasis (hoe-mee-oh-STAY-sis)

A

state of balance; the ability of the healthy body to regulate the internal environment within narrow limits

28
Q

hypogastric (high-poh-GAS-trick)

A

lower region of the abdominal area

29
Q

inferior

A

below another or lower

30
Q

internal

A

term used to refer to body cavities and hollow organs; same as ‘deep’

31
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

32
Q

life functions

A

a series of highly organized and related activities that allow living organisms to live, grow, and maintain themselves

33
Q

medial

A

directional term, toward midline of the body

34
Q

metabolism (meh-TAB-oh-lizm)

A

the functional activities of cells that result in growth, repair, and the release of energy by the cells

35
Q

metric system

A

a decimal system based on the power of 10. The medical community uses this system to determine length (measured in cm = centimeters), weight (measured in g = gram, mg = milligram, kg = kilogram), and volume (measured in L = liter, mL = milliliter)

36
Q

midsagittal plane

A

an imaginary line dividing the body into equal right and left halves

37
Q

nasal cavity

A

one of the pair of cavities between the anterior nares and the nasopharynx

38
Q

neurology (new-ROL-oh-jee)

A

study of the physiology and pathology of the nervous system

39
Q

oral cavity

A

encloses the teeth and tongue

40
Q

orbital cavity

A

contains the eye and its external structures

41
Q

organ system

A

organs that are grouped together because more than one is needed to perform a function

42
Q

organs

A

groups of tissues organized according to structure and function

43
Q

pelvic cavity

A

area of the body containing the urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum, remainder of the large intestine, and appendix

44
Q

physiology (fiz-ee-OL-oh-jee)

A

study of the functions of living organisms and their parts

45
Q

planes

A

imaginary, anatomical dividing lines useful in separating body structures

46
Q

posterior

A

located behind or at the back; opposite to anterior

47
Q

proximal

A

located nearest the center of the body; point of attachment of a structure

48
Q

quadrants

A

a term used in reference to the abdominal area by dividing it into four areas, or quadrants

49
Q

sagittal plane (SAJ-ih-tal)

A

directional term that divides the body into left and right parts

50
Q

section

A

a cut made through the body in the direction of a certain plane

51
Q

spinal cavity

A

area of the body containing the spinal cord

52
Q

superficial

A

on or near the surface of the body

53
Q

superior

A

in anatomy, higher; denoting upper of two parts, toward vertex

54
Q

thoracic cavity (tho-RASS-ik)

A

area of the body divided into two cavities: the left pleural cavity contains the left lung and the right pleural cavity contains the right lung

55
Q

tissues

A

cells grouped according to size, shape, and function; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissues are examples

56
Q

transverse

A

crosswise; at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body

57
Q

umbilical

A

area located around the navel; the right and left lumbar region

58
Q

umbilicus (um-BILL-ih-kus)

A

navel

59
Q

ventral

A

front or anterior; opposite of posterior or dorsal

Body Structures & Functions (5 decks)

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