Chapter 2 Flashcards
Self-report
A process whereby assessees themselves supply assessment-related information by responding to questions, keeping a diary, or self-monitoring thoughts or behaviors
Projective test
Test in which an individual is assumed to “project” onto some ambiguous stimulus their own unique needs, fears, hopes, and motivation
Culture-specific tests
Tests designed for use with people from one culture but not from another
Individualist culture
Characterized by value being placed on traits such as self-reliance, autonomy, independence, uniqueness, and competitiveness
Collectivist culture
Value is placed on traits such as conformity, cooperation, interdependence, and striving towards group goals
Affirmative action
Voluntary and mandatory efforts undertaken by governments, private employers, and schools to combat discrimination and promote equal opportunity for all in education and employment
Code of professional ethics
Defines a standard of care expected of members of the profession
Standard of care
The level at which the average, reasonable, and prudent professional would provide diagnostic or therapeutic services under the same or similar conditions
Minimum competency testing programs
Formal testing programs designed to be used in decisions regarding various aspects of students’ education
Truth-in-testing legislation
Laws meant to give testtakers a way to learn the criteria by which they are being judged, some mandate disclosure of answers to tests within 30 days of test score publication, some require information relevant to a test’s development and technical soundness be kept on file, some require descriptions of test’s purpose, procedures, etc
Quota system
A selection procedure whereby a fixed number or percentage of applicants from certain backgrounds were selected
Disparate treatment
The consequence of an employer’s hiring or promotion practice that was intentionally devised to yield some discriminatory result or outcome
Disparate impact
The consequence of an employer’s hiring or promotion practice that unintentionally yielded a discriminatory result or outcome
Level A:
Tests or aids that can adequately be administered, scored, and interpreted with the aid of the manual and a general orientation to the kind of institution or organization in which one is working (for instance, achievement or proficiency tests)
Level B:
Tests or aids that require some technical knowledge of test construction and use and of supporting psychological and educational fields such as statistics, individual differences, psychology of adjustment, personnel psychology, and guidance (for example aptitude tests and adjustment inventories applicable to normal populations)
Level C:
Tests and aids that require substantial understanding of testing and supporting psychological fields together with supervised experience in the use of these devices (for example projective tests, individual mental tests)
Informed consent
Permission to proceed with a diagnostic, therapeutic, or evaluative service on the basis of knowledge about the service and its risks and potential benefits
Confidentiality
The ethical obligation of professionals to keep confidential all communications made or entrusted to them in confidence, although professionals may be compelled to disclose such confidential communications under court order or other extraordinary conditions
