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STATISTICS > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what is a database?

A
  • a collection of information
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2
Q

what is a two- way table?

A
  • shows information in two categories
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3
Q

what is data that has two variables called?

A
  • bivariate data
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4
Q

what is a pictogram?

A
  • uses symbols or pictures to represent a number of items
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5
Q

what is a bar chart?

A
  • bars are equal width
  • height represents frequency
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6
Q

what is a multiple line graph?

A
  • similar to a bar graph but uses lines instead of bars
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7
Q

what is a multiple bar chart?

A
  • they have more than one bar for each class
  • a key shows what each bar represents
  • easy to compare the frequencies of each category
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8
Q

what is a composite bar chart?

A
  • each bar shows the total frequency for different components of that group
  • frequencies stacked on top of one another
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9
Q

what is a stem and leaf diagram?

A
  • shows numerical data split into ‘stem’ and ‘leaves’, the numbers are written in order
  • make sure to use a key- shows how to read numbers
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10
Q

what does a stem and leaf diagram show?

A
  • shows the shape of the data distribution in the same way which a bar chat does but you can still see the original data values
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11
Q

what does a back -to- back stem and leaf diagram show?

A
  • two sets of data with the same stem
  • smallest values on each row are nearest to the stem
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12
Q

what is a pie chart?

A
  • a way of displaying data when you want to show how something is shared or divided
  • uses area to represent frequency
  • angles in a pie chart add up to 360
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13
Q

what does the area of each sector show in a pie chart?

A
  • proportional to the frequency it represents
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14
Q

what is the area of the whole pie chat proportional to?

A
  • the total frequency
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15
Q

what can comparative pie charts be used for?

A
  • to compare two sets of data with different frequencies
  • areas of the two circles should be proportional to the total frequency
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16
Q

how do you compare frequencies in a comparative pie chart?

A
  • compare areas
17
Q

how do you compare proportions in a comparative pie chart?

A
  • compare individual angles
18
Q

what is a population pyramid?

A
  • similar to bar chart and stem and leaf diagram
  • used to show the age group I a population, usually divided by gender
19
Q

what is a choropleth map?

A
  • used to classify regions of a geographical area
  • a key shows what each shade represents
  • can be a diagram rather than an accurate map
20
Q

what data is used in a histogram?

A
  • continuous
  • meaning there are no gaps between the bars
21
Q

frequency density equation:

A
  • frequency density= frequency/ class width
22
Q

what is a frequency polygon?

A
  • joins the midpoints of the tops of the bars of a histogram with straight lines
  • may be drawn with or without a histogram
23
Q

what is the cumulative frequency?

A
  • running total of frequencies
24
Q

what can you draw when the cumulative frequency data is discrete?

A
  • cumulative frequency step polygon
  • plot the cumulative frequencies against the upper class boundaries
25
Q

what can you draw for grouped continuous data?

A
  • cumulative frequency diagram
  • plot the cumulative frequencies against the upper class boundary
26
Q

what can cumulative frequency diagrams be used for?

A
  • to estimate or predict other values
27
Q

what is the shape of a distribution?

A
  • the shape of a distribution is the shape formed by that bars of a histogram, or by a frequency polygon
28
Q

different kinds of skew:

A
  • positive
  • symmetrical/ no skew
  • negative
29
Q

what does a symmetrical skew mean?

A
  • most of the data values are at the lower end
  • right foot
30
Q

what does a negative skew mean?

A
  • most of the data values are at the upper end
  • left foot

STATISTICS (9 decks)

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