chapter 2

Question 1

pathology

Answer 1

science of diseases

Question 2

pathologist

Answer 2

macroscopic and microscopic examination of body materials for diagnosis and feedback

Question 3

prognosis

Answer 3

probability for recovery

Question 4

morbidity

Answer 4

indicates the disease rates within a group

Question 5

mortality

Answer 5

indicates the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease

Question 6

autopsy

Answer 6

determine the exact cause of death, course of illness, effectiveness of treatment

Question 7

epidemiology

Answer 7

science of tracking the pattern or occurence of disease

Question 8

incidence

Answer 8

indicates number if new cases in a given population

Question 9

prevalence

Answer 9

number of new and old or existing cases within a specific population

Question 10

etiology

Answer 10

causative factors of a particular disease

Question 11

predisposing factors

Answer 11

age, gender, inherited factors, occupational exposure

Question 12

idiopathic

Answer 12

cause of diesease unknown

Question 13

iatrogenic

Answer 13

disease caused by a treatment,procedure, error

Question 14

Pathogenesis

Answer 14

refers the chain of events leading to a disease

Question 15

onset

Answer 15

sudden, obvious, acute

Question 16

subclinical stage

Answer 16

pathologic changes occur but patient has no obvious manifestations

Question 17

incubation period

Answer 17

initial latent stage in which no clinical signs are evident

Question 18

prodromal period

Answer 18

early development of a disease

Question 19

manifestation

Answer 19

clinical evidence , signs, symptoms

Question 20

remission

Answer 20

period when manifestation subsides

Question 21

exacerbation

Answer 21

worsening of disease

Question 22

precipitating factors

Answer 22

condition that triggers an acute episode

Question 23

complicatins

Answer 23

new secondary problems arising after original disease

Question 24

convalescence

Answer 24

period of recovery

Question 25

sequelae

Answer 25

potential unwanted outcomes of the primary condition

Question 26

symptomatology

Answer 26

science of manifestation of diseases

Question 27

symptoms

Answer 27

subjective manifestation

Question 28

signs

Answer 28

objective manifestations

Question 29

local

Answer 29

confined to one organ system or area of body

Question 30

systemic

Answer 30

affect a few organ systems or even whole body

Question 31

syndrome

Answer 31

characteristic combination of symptoms

Question 32

disease

Answer 32

entity characterized by specific cause and pathological fiondings

Question 33

atrophy

Answer 33

decrease in cell size

Question 34

hypertrophy

Answer 34

increase in cell size

Question 35

hyperplasia

Answer 35

increase in number of cells

Question 36

metaplasia

Answer 36

replacement of a cell type

Question 37

dysplasia

Answer 37

abnormal arrangement of cells

Question 38

anaplasia

Answer 38

loss of specialized cells

Question 39

neoplasia

Answer 39

new uncontrolled growth

Question 40

ischemia

Answer 40

decreased supply of oxigenated blood

Question 41

apoptosis

Answer 41

programmed cell death

Question 42

pyroptosis

Answer 42

induced cell death by microorganism

Question 43

necrosis

Answer 43

cellular death

Question 44

gangrene

Answer 44

necrosis with bacterial invasion