Chapter 1 Flashcards
1
Q
causes of oedema
A
- increased capillary hydrostatic pressure
- loss of plasma proteins
- obstruction of lymphatic circulation
- increased capillary permeability
2
Q
effects of oedema
A
- local area of swelling (pitting oedema)
- generalized oedema ( functionla impairment)
- pain
- sustained oedema
3
Q
effects of dehydration
A
- dry mucus
- decreased skin elasticity
- lower blood pressure, weak pulse, fatigue
- increased hematocrit
- decreased mental function
4
Q
causes of dehydration
A
- vomitting/diarrhea
- excessive sweating
-diabetic ketoacidosis
-use of concentrated fromula
5
Q
compensation fluid loss
A
- increasing thirst
- increasing heart rate
- constriction of cutanous blood vessels
- producing less urine by concentrating urine
6
Q
hyponatremia
A
sodium deficit from direct loss of sodiuem/excess water in extracellular compartment
7
Q
hypernatremia
A
excess sodium from ingestion of large amounts of sodium without prportionate water intake
8
Q
hypokalemia
A
low serum potassium levels
9
Q
hyperkalemia
A
high serum potassium levels
10
Q
causes for change in blood ph
A
- acidosis (retention of co2/overproduction of H+/loss of HCO3-
- alkalosis (loss of CO2/loss of H+
11
Q
hypercalcemia
A
excessive serum calcium levels
12
Q
hypocalcemia
A
low serum calcium levels
13
Q
effects of acidosis
A
- impaired nervous system function
- deep rapid breathing / low urine ph
14
Q
effects of alkalosis
A
- increased irritability of nervous system (restlessness, muscle twitching, tingling, numbness of fingers, tetany, seizures, coma)
