chapter 2 Flashcards
learned behaviors are ___, ____ and ____ of innate behaviors
derivatives, extensions, or variations
what is habituation?
often said to be the simplest type of learning.
what characteristic is common to many behaviors?
they are positive & goal oriented
what is the control systems theory?
says that our behavior changes from moment to moment to keep our perceptions of ourselves and the world close to our values
explain the comparator.
it is a fundamental part of the control systems theory.
it receives reference and actual inputs.
Any comparator has rules that it follows to determine, based on the current actual and reference input, what its output will be.
what is reference input?
not a physical entity but conceptual
what is actual input?
measures an actual physical characteristic of the present
environment,
what is the output?
The product of the action system.
what are the 6 most important concepts of control systems theory?
comparator
reference input
actual input
action system
output
disturbance.
what is a reflex?
an expected movement pattern of a body part that can often be gotten by using the right stimulus.
explain a flexion reflex
the quick removal of the hand caused by bending the arm at the elbow.
Its very fast because the association between sensory and motor neurons occurs directly in the spinal cord.
what is the spinal reflex arc?
what is tropism?
a movement or change in orientation of the entire animal.
who was the first to study tropisms? and what were his views?
Jacques Loeb (1900 )
he called them “forced movements to suggest that no intelligence, will, or choice was involved.”
what are the 2 major tropism categories?
kineses (plural of kinesis)
taxes (plural of taxis).
