Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom

A

Smallest unit of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are atoms made of

A

Protons, electrons, and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a molecule

A

2 or more atoms bound together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom or molecule with a positive or negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the element C

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the element O

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the element Ca

A

Calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the element K

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the element Na

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the element H

A

Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the element N

A

Nitrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the element P

A

Phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the element Mg

A

Magnesium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a chemical bond

A

A bond between molecules characterized by the sharing, gaining, or losing of electrons in the valence shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 3 major types of chemical bonds

A

1) ionic bonds
2) covalent bonds
3) Hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a Cation

A

The atom/molecule in an ionic bond that has lost an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an anion

A

An atom/molecule in an ionic bond that has gained an electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do ionic bonds form

A

Salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What makes a bond covalent

A

When atoms/molecules share electrons between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a single bond

A

A covalent bond In Which two atoms share a total of 2 valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is a double bond

A

A covalent bond in which two atoms share a total of four valence electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a non polar covalent bond

A

A bond where the electrons are shared equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is a polar covalent bond

A

A bond in which electrons are not shared equally as one element is more electronegative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Is water polar or non polar

A

Polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What charge does O have
Partially negative
26
What charge does H have
Partially positive
27
How are molecules of H2O attracted to each other
Through hydrogen bonds
28
List some characteristics of water
1) inorganic compound 2) polar covalent 3) forms hydrogen bonds 4) is a solvent 5) has high specific heat 6) has high heat of vaporization 7) is a lubricant 8) water is needed for many important chemical reactions
29
What is a decomposition reaction (catabolism)
A reaction that breaks chemical bonds through hydrolysis, releasing energy by breaking down larger molecules into smaller molecules
30
What is a synthesis reaction (anabolism)
A chemical reaction that forms chemical bonds through dehydration synthesis where energy is required to add smaller molecules together to make a larger molecule
31
Define Metabolism
Transfer of energy by chemical reactions
32
What are lipoproteins
Proteins that surround fat, allowing it to be carried in blood
33
What is PH
The concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, measures acidity
34
What is the PH range of human blood
7.35-7.45
35
What is the relationship between PH and H+ concentration
PH and H+ have an inverse relationship, the more H+ the lower the PH and vise versa
36
How is blood PH regulated
Through Buffers
37
What are buffers
A weak acid (which donates H+) or weak base (which takes away H+) added to the blood to change the PH
38
What is H2CO3
Carbonic acid
39
What does carbonic acid do
1) Helps in transportation of carbon dioxide out of the body 2) helps in controlling the acidity of body fluids
40
What makes a molecule inorganic
The molecule is not based on carbon and hydrogen
41
What are some examples of inorganic molecules
Carbon dioxide, oxygen, water, salts
42
What makes a molecule organic
The molecule is based on carbon and hydrogen
43
What are characteristics of organic molecules
1) contain H, C, and usually O 2) covalently bonded
44
What are some examples of organic molecules
Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and ATP
45
What characterizes carbohydrates
Contain C, H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio
46
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates
1) monosaccharides 2) disaccharides 3) polysaccharides
47
What is a monosaccharide
A simple sugar that cannot be split into simpler sugars
48
What are 3 monosaccharides
1) glucose 2) fructose 3) galactose
49
What is a disaccharide
Two simple sugars (monosaccharides) condensed by dehydration synthesis
50
Name 3 disaccharides
1) sucrose 2) maltose 3) lactose
51
What are polysaccharides
Many simple sugars (monosaccharides) condensed by dehydration synthesis
52
Name 3 polysaccharides
1) Glycogen 2) starch 3) cellulose
53
What is a lipid
A fatty, waxy, or oily compound that is soluble in organic solvents and insoluble in polar solvents such as water and are made of C and H atoms in a ratio of 1:2
54
What are 5 lipids
1) Fatty acids 2) triglycerides 3) phospholipids 4) steroids 5) prostaglandins
55
What is a glyceride
A lipid, specifically when fatty acids attach to a glycerol molecule
56
What are the functions of a triglyceride
1) energy source 2) insulation 3) protection
57
What are fatty acids
Long chains of carbon and hydrogen
58
What is a saturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with no covalent bonds
59
What is an unsaturated fatty acid
A fatty acid with one or more double bonds
60
What is the cell membrane made of
Phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails
61
What are the types of steroids
1) Cholesterol 2) estrogen 3) testosterone 4) corticosteroids 5) calcitriol 6) bile salts
62
What are corticosteroids and calcitriol responsible for
Metabolic regulation
63
What are prostaglandins
Chain fatty acids released by one sell to tell another cell in the “neighborhood” what to do
64
What basic elements do proteins contain
C, H, O, N
65
What are the basic building blocks of proteins
Amino acids
66
How many amino acids are there and how many are essential
There are 20 in total, 9 of which are essential and must be consumed as we cannot produce them
67
What is a primary structure
Linear chain of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
68
What is a secondary structure
A- helix or B-pleated sheet shape held together by hydrogen bonds
69
What is a tertiary structure
3D fold of helices and sheets into a shape
70
What is a quaternary structure
More than one amino acid chain put together to form one large structure
71
What is a proteins function based on
It’s shape and when it’s shape is lost, so is the function
72
How do proteins lose their structure
1) denaturation 2) change in temperature: heat 3) change in PH

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions