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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does anatomy describe?

A

Structures of the body

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2
Q

What is physiology

A

The study of functions of anatomical structures

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3
Q

What is the smallest level of organization?

A

Atom

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4
Q

What is one size larger than atom in the levels of organization

A

Chemical/Molecular level

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5
Q

What is one size larger than chemical/molecular level in levels of organization

A

Organelle

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6
Q

What is one size larger than organelle in levels of organization

A

Cellular level

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7
Q

What is one size larger than cellular level in levels of organization

A

Tissue level

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8
Q

What is one size larger than tissue level in levels of organization

A

Organ level

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9
Q

What is the largest level of organization

A

System level

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10
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

1) returns fluid to blood
2) defends against pathogens

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11
Q

What are the key organs in the lymphatic system

A

1) thymus
2) lymph nodes
3) spleen
4) lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system

A

1) removes carbon dioxide from the body
2) delivers oxygen to blood

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13
Q

What are the key organs in the respiratory system

A

1) Nasal passage
2) trachea
3) lungs

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14
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

1) processes food for use by the body
2) removes waste from undigested food

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15
Q

What are the key organs in the digestive system

A

1) stomach
2) liver
3) gall bladder
4) large intestine
5) small intestine

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16
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system

A

1) controls water balance in the body
2) removes waste from blood and excretes them

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17
Q

What are the key organs in the urinary system

A

1) Kidneys
2) urinary bladder

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18
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system

A

1) produces sex hormones and gametes
2) delivers gametes to female

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19
Q

What are the key organs in the male reproductive system

A

1) Epididymus
2) Testes
3) Penis

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20
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive system

A

1) produce sex hormones and gametes
2) support embryo/fetus until birth
3) produces milk for infant

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21
Q

What are the key organs in the female reproductive system

A

1) mammary glands
2) ovaries
3) uterus

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22
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system

A

1) encloses internal body structures
2) site of many sensory receptors

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23
Q

What are the key organs in the integumentary system

A

1) skin
2) hair
3) nails

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24
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

1) supports the body
2) enables movement with muscular system

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25
What are the key organs in the skeletal system
1) bones 2) cartilage 3) joints
26
What are the functions of the muscular system
1) enables movement with the skeletal system 2) helps maintain body temperature
27
What are the key organs in the muscular system
1) skeletal muscles 2) tendons
28
What are the functions of the nervous system
1) detects and processes sensory information 2) activates bodily responses
29
What are the key organs in the nervous system
1) brain 2) spinal chord 3) peripheral nerves
30
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system
1) delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues 2) equalizes temperature in the body
31
What are the key organs in the cardiovascular system
1) heart 2) blood vessels
32
What are the functions of the endocrine system
1) secrets hormones 2) regulates bodily processes
33
What are the key organs in the endocrine system
1) pituitary gland 2) thyroid gland 3) pancreas 4) adrenal gland 5) testes 6) ovaries
34
Describe anatomical position
1) hands at sides 2) palms forward 3) body erect 4) feet apart
35
Inferior (caudal)
Towards the bottom or away from the head end of the body
36
Superior (cranial)
Towards the top or upper/head end of the body
37
Medial
Towards the middle or center of the body
38
Lateral
To the side of, away from, the middle of the body
39
Proximal
Nearer to the center/point of attachment to the body
40
Distal
Further from the center/point of attachment to the body
41
Anterior (ventral)
In front of or the front surface of
42
Posterior (dorsal)
Behind, backside, or the rear surface of
43
Frons (frontal)
Forehead
44
Cranium (cranial)
Skull
45
Facies (facial)
Face
46
Oris (oral)
Mouth
47
Mentis (mental)
Chin
48
Axilla (axillary)
Armpit
49
Brachium (brachial)
Upper arm
50
Antecubitus (antecubital)
Front of elbow
51
Antebrachium (antebrachial)
Forearm
52
Carpus (carpal)
Wrist
53
Pollex
Thumb
54
Palma (Palmar)
Palm
55
Digits/phalanges (digital/phalangeal)
Fingers and toes
56
Patella (patellar)
Kneecap
57
Crus (crural)
Leg
58
Tarsus (tarsal)
Ankle
59
Hallux
Big toe
60
Oculus (orbital or ocular)
Eye
61
Bucca (buccal)
Cheek
62
Auris (otic)
Ear
63
Nasus (nasal)
Nose
64
Cervicis (cervical)
Neck
65
Thorcis or thorax (thoracic)
Chest
66
Mamma (mammary)
Breast
67
Abdomen (abdominal)
Abs
68
Umbilicus (umbilical)
Navel
69
Coxa (coxal)
Hip
70
Pelvis (pelvic)
Pelvis
71
Inguen (inguinal)
Groin
72
Pubis (pubic)
Pubis
73
Femur (femoral)
Femur or thigh
74
Pes (pedal)
Foot
75
Shoulder (acromial)
Shoulder
76
Dorsum (dorsal)
Back
77
Olecranon (olecranal)
Back of elbow
78
Lumbus (lumbar)
Loin/ lower back
79
Sacrum (sacral)
Sacrum
80
Manus (manual)
Hand
81
Gluteus (gluteal)
Buttock
82
Popliteus (popliteal)
Back of the knee
83
Sura (sural)
Calf
84
Calcaneus (calcaneal)
Heel of foot
85
Planta (plantar)
Sole of foot
86
Cephalon (cephalic)
Head
87
Name the 3 anatomical planes
1) frontal (coronal) 2) sagittal 3) transverse
88
How does the coronal plane divide the body
Anterior and posterior
89
How does the sagittal plane divide the body
Left and right sides
90
How does the transverse plane divide the body
Superior and inferior
91
What cavities does the dorsal body cavity consist of
Cranial cavity and spinal cavity
92
What cavities does the ventral cavity consist of
Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
93
What divides the ventral cavity
The diaphragm
94
What does the thoracic cavity consist of
1) Superior mediastinum 2) pleural cavities 3) pericardial cavity 4) diaphragm
95
What does the abdominopelvic cavity consist of
The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity
96
What is visceral pleura
A lining that covers the lungs
97
What is parietal pleura
A lining that covers the inside of plural cavity
98
What is parietal peritoneum
Lining that lines the internal body wall
99
What is visceral peritoneum
A lining that covers the organs
100
What does the mediastinum consist of
1) trachea 2) esophagus 3) thymus
101
Where is the pericardial cavity located
Around the lower section of the mediastinum
102
What is in the pericardial cavity
The heart
103
Define homeostasis
All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment
104
What systems control responses in reference to maintaining homeostasis
The nervous system and the endocrine system
105
Define negative feedback
A feedback loop in which the body is brought back into homeostasis such that if one thing goes up it is brought back down
106
Define positive feedback
A feedback loop from which homeostasis is being moved away in such a way that if one thing goes up, it is pushed further up often to speed up processes
107
What is the upper left abdominopelvic region
Right hypochondriac region
108
What is the upper middle abdominopelvic region
Epigastric region
109
What is the upper right abdominopelvic region
Left hypochondriac region
110
What is the middle left abdominopelvic region
Right Lumbar region
111
What is the middle abdominopelvic region
Umbilical region
112
What is the middle right abdominopelvic region
Left lumbar region
113
What is the lower left abdominopelvic region
Right iliac region
114
What is the lower middle abdominopelvic region
Hypogastric region
115
What is the lower right abdominopelvic region
Left iliac region
116
Forehead
Frons (frontal)
117
Skull
Cranium (cranial)
118
Face
Facies (facial)
119
Mouth
Oris (oral)
120
Chin
Mentis (mental)
121
Armpit
Axilla (axillary)
122
Arm
Brachium (brachial)
123
Front of elbow
Antecubitus (antecubital)
124
Forearm
Antebrachium (antebrachial)
125
Wrist
Carpus (carpal)
126
Thumb
Pollex
127
Palm
Palma (palmar)
128
Fingers and toes
Digits or phalanges (digital or phalangeal)
129
Kneecap
Patella (patellar)
130
Leg
Crus (crural)
131
Ankle
Tarsus (tarsal)
132
Big toe
Hallux
133
Eye
Oculus (orbital or ocular)
134
Cheek
Bucca (buccal)
135
Ear
Auris (otic)
136
Nose
Nasus (nasal)
137
Neck
Cervicis (cervical)
138
Chest
Thorcis or thorax (thoracic)
139
Breast
Mamma (mammary)
140
Abs
Abdomen (abdominal)
141
Navel
Umbilicus (Umbilical)
142
Hip
Coxa (coxal)
143
Pelvis
Pelvis (pelvic)
144
Groin
Inguen (inguinal)
145
Pubis
Pubis (pubic)
146
Femur or thigh
Femur (femoral)
147
Foot
Pes (pedal)
148
Shoulder
Shoulder (acromial)
149
Back
Dorsum (dorsal)
150
Back of elbow
Olecranon (olecranal)
151
Loin
Lumbus (lumbar)
152
Sacrum
Sacrum (sacral)
153
Hand
Manus (manual)
154
Butt
Gluteus (gluteal)
155
Back of the knee
Popliteus (popliteal)
156
Calf
Sura (sural)
157
Heel of foot
Calcaneus (calcaneal)
158
Sole of foot
Planta (plantar)
159
Head
Cephalon (cephalic)

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (2 decks)

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