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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does anatomy describe?

A

Structures of the body

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2
Q

What is physiology

A

The study of functions of anatomical structures

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3
Q

What is the smallest level of organization?

A

Atom

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4
Q

What is one size larger than atom in the levels of organization

A

Chemical/Molecular level

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5
Q

What is one size larger than chemical/molecular level in levels of organization

A

Organelle

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6
Q

What is one size larger than organelle in levels of organization

A

Cellular level

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7
Q

What is one size larger than cellular level in levels of organization

A

Tissue level

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8
Q

What is one size larger than tissue level in levels of organization

A

Organ level

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9
Q

What is the largest level of organization

A

System level

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10
Q

What are the functions of the lymphatic system

A

1) returns fluid to blood
2) defends against pathogens

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11
Q

What are the key organs in the lymphatic system

A

1) thymus
2) lymph nodes
3) spleen
4) lymphatic vessels

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12
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system

A

1) removes carbon dioxide from the body
2) delivers oxygen to blood

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13
Q

What are the key organs in the respiratory system

A

1) Nasal passage
2) trachea
3) lungs

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14
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

1) processes food for use by the body
2) removes waste from undigested food

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15
Q

What are the key organs in the digestive system

A

1) stomach
2) liver
3) gall bladder
4) large intestine
5) small intestine

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16
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system

A

1) controls water balance in the body
2) removes waste from blood and excretes them

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17
Q

What are the key organs in the urinary system

A

1) Kidneys
2) urinary bladder

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18
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system

A

1) produces sex hormones and gametes
2) delivers gametes to female

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19
Q

What are the key organs in the male reproductive system

A

1) Epididymus
2) Testes
3) Penis

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20
Q

What are the functions of the female reproductive system

A

1) produce sex hormones and gametes
2) support embryo/fetus until birth
3) produces milk for infant

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21
Q

What are the key organs in the female reproductive system

A

1) mammary glands
2) ovaries
3) uterus

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22
Q

What are the functions of the integumentary system

A

1) encloses internal body structures
2) site of many sensory receptors

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23
Q

What are the key organs in the integumentary system

A

1) skin
2) hair
3) nails

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24
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

1) supports the body
2) enables movement with muscular system

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25
Q

What are the key organs in the skeletal system

A

1) bones
2) cartilage
3) joints

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26
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system

A

1) enables movement with the skeletal system
2) helps maintain body temperature

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27
Q

What are the key organs in the muscular system

A

1) skeletal muscles
2) tendons

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28
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system

A

1) detects and processes sensory information
2) activates bodily responses

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29
Q

What are the key organs in the nervous system

A

1) brain
2) spinal chord
3) peripheral nerves

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30
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A

1) delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
2) equalizes temperature in the body

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31
Q

What are the key organs in the cardiovascular system

A

1) heart
2) blood vessels

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32
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system

A

1) secrets hormones
2) regulates bodily processes

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33
Q

What are the key organs in the endocrine system

A

1) pituitary gland
2) thyroid gland
3) pancreas
4) adrenal gland
5) testes
6) ovaries

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34
Q

Describe anatomical position

A

1) hands at sides
2) palms forward
3) body erect
4) feet apart

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35
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Towards the bottom or away from the head end of the body

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36
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Towards the top or upper/head end of the body

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37
Q

Medial

A

Towards the middle or center of the body

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38
Q

Lateral

A

To the side of, away from, the middle of the body

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39
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer to the center/point of attachment to the body

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40
Q

Distal

A

Further from the center/point of attachment to the body

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41
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

In front of or the front surface of

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42
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Behind, backside, or the rear surface of

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43
Q

Frons (frontal)

A

Forehead

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44
Q

Cranium (cranial)

A

Skull

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45
Q

Facies (facial)

A

Face

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46
Q

Oris (oral)

A

Mouth

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47
Q

Mentis (mental)

A

Chin

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48
Q

Axilla (axillary)

A

Armpit

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49
Q

Brachium (brachial)

A

Upper arm

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50
Q

Antecubitus (antecubital)

A

Front of elbow

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51
Q

Antebrachium (antebrachial)

A

Forearm

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52
Q

Carpus (carpal)

A

Wrist

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53
Q

Pollex

A

Thumb

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54
Q

Palma (Palmar)

A

Palm

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55
Q

Digits/phalanges (digital/phalangeal)

A

Fingers and toes

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56
Q

Patella (patellar)

A

Kneecap

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57
Q

Crus (crural)

A

Leg

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58
Q

Tarsus (tarsal)

A

Ankle

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59
Q

Hallux

A

Big toe

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60
Q

Oculus (orbital or ocular)

A

Eye

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61
Q

Bucca (buccal)

A

Cheek

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62
Q

Auris (otic)

A

Ear

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63
Q

Nasus (nasal)

A

Nose

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64
Q

Cervicis (cervical)

A

Neck

65
Q

Thorcis or thorax (thoracic)

A

Chest

66
Q

Mamma (mammary)

A

Breast

67
Q

Abdomen (abdominal)

A

Abs

68
Q

Umbilicus (umbilical)

A

Navel

69
Q

Coxa (coxal)

A

Hip

70
Q

Pelvis (pelvic)

A

Pelvis

71
Q

Inguen (inguinal)

A

Groin

72
Q

Pubis (pubic)

A

Pubis

73
Q

Femur (femoral)

A

Femur or thigh

74
Q

Pes (pedal)

A

Foot

75
Q

Shoulder (acromial)

A

Shoulder

76
Q

Dorsum (dorsal)

A

Back

77
Q

Olecranon (olecranal)

A

Back of elbow

78
Q

Lumbus (lumbar)

A

Loin/ lower back

79
Q

Sacrum (sacral)

A

Sacrum

80
Q

Manus (manual)

A

Hand

81
Q

Gluteus (gluteal)

A

Buttock

82
Q

Popliteus (popliteal)

A

Back of the knee

83
Q

Sura (sural)

A

Calf

84
Q

Calcaneus (calcaneal)

A

Heel of foot

85
Q

Planta (plantar)

A

Sole of foot

86
Q

Cephalon (cephalic)

A

Head

87
Q

Name the 3 anatomical planes

A

1) frontal (coronal)
2) sagittal
3) transverse

88
Q

How does the coronal plane divide the body

A

Anterior and posterior

89
Q

How does the sagittal plane divide the body

A

Left and right sides

90
Q

How does the transverse plane divide the body

A

Superior and inferior

91
Q

What cavities does the dorsal body cavity consist of

A

Cranial cavity and spinal cavity

92
Q

What cavities does the ventral cavity consist of

A

Thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

93
Q

What divides the ventral cavity

A

The diaphragm

94
Q

What does the thoracic cavity consist of

A

1) Superior mediastinum
2) pleural cavities
3) pericardial cavity
4) diaphragm

95
Q

What does the abdominopelvic cavity consist of

A

The abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity

96
Q

What is visceral pleura

A

A lining that covers the lungs

97
Q

What is parietal pleura

A

A lining that covers the inside of plural cavity

98
Q

What is parietal peritoneum

A

Lining that lines the internal body wall

99
Q

What is visceral peritoneum

A

A lining that covers the organs

100
Q

What does the mediastinum consist of

A

1) trachea
2) esophagus
3) thymus

101
Q

Where is the pericardial cavity located

A

Around the lower section of the mediastinum

102
Q

What is in the pericardial cavity

A

The heart

103
Q

Define homeostasis

A

All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

104
Q

What systems control responses in reference to maintaining homeostasis

A

The nervous system and the endocrine system

105
Q

Define negative feedback

A

A feedback loop in which the body is brought back into homeostasis such that if one thing goes up it is brought back down

106
Q

Define positive feedback

A

A feedback loop from which homeostasis is being moved away in such a way that if one thing goes up, it is pushed further up often to speed up processes

107
Q

What is the upper left abdominopelvic region

A

Right hypochondriac region

108
Q

What is the upper middle abdominopelvic region

A

Epigastric region

109
Q

What is the upper right abdominopelvic region

A

Left hypochondriac region

110
Q

What is the middle left abdominopelvic region

A

Right Lumbar region

111
Q

What is the middle abdominopelvic region

A

Umbilical region

112
Q

What is the middle right abdominopelvic region

A

Left lumbar region

113
Q

What is the lower left abdominopelvic region

A

Right iliac region

114
Q

What is the lower middle abdominopelvic region

A

Hypogastric region

115
Q

What is the lower right abdominopelvic region

A

Left iliac region

116
Q

Forehead

A

Frons (frontal)

117
Q

Skull

A

Cranium (cranial)

118
Q

Face

A

Facies (facial)

119
Q

Mouth

A

Oris (oral)

120
Q

Chin

A

Mentis (mental)

121
Q

Armpit

A

Axilla (axillary)

122
Q

Arm

A

Brachium (brachial)

123
Q

Front of elbow

A

Antecubitus (antecubital)

124
Q

Forearm

A

Antebrachium (antebrachial)

125
Q

Wrist

A

Carpus (carpal)

126
Q

Thumb

A

Pollex

127
Q

Palm

A

Palma (palmar)

128
Q

Fingers and toes

A

Digits or phalanges (digital or phalangeal)

129
Q

Kneecap

A

Patella (patellar)

130
Q

Leg

A

Crus (crural)

131
Q

Ankle

A

Tarsus (tarsal)

132
Q

Big toe

A

Hallux

133
Q

Eye

A

Oculus (orbital or ocular)

134
Q

Cheek

A

Bucca (buccal)

135
Q

Ear

A

Auris (otic)

136
Q

Nose

A

Nasus (nasal)

137
Q

Neck

A

Cervicis (cervical)

138
Q

Chest

A

Thorcis or thorax (thoracic)

139
Q

Breast

A

Mamma (mammary)

140
Q

Abs

A

Abdomen (abdominal)

141
Q

Navel

A

Umbilicus (Umbilical)

142
Q

Hip

A

Coxa (coxal)

143
Q

Pelvis

A

Pelvis (pelvic)

144
Q

Groin

A

Inguen (inguinal)

145
Q

Pubis

A

Pubis (pubic)

146
Q

Femur or thigh

A

Femur (femoral)

147
Q

Foot

A

Pes (pedal)

148
Q

Shoulder

A

Shoulder (acromial)

149
Q

Back

A

Dorsum (dorsal)

150
Q

Back of elbow

A

Olecranon (olecranal)

151
Q

Loin

A

Lumbus (lumbar)

152
Q

Sacrum

A

Sacrum (sacral)

153
Q

Hand

A

Manus (manual)

154
Q

Butt

A

Gluteus (gluteal)

155
Q

Back of the knee

A

Popliteus (popliteal)

156
Q

Calf

A

Sura (sural)

157
Q

Heel of foot

A

Calcaneus (calcaneal)

158
Q

Sole of foot

A

Planta (plantar)

159
Q

Head

A

Cephalon (cephalic)

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (2 decks)

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