Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

name all the subatomic particles and their charges

A

electron (negative)
proton (positive)
neutron (neutral)

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2
Q

what symbol represents the atomic number

A

Z

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3
Q

what’s the nucleus characteristic

A

extremely dense, represents almost all of the atom’s mass

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4
Q

whats an atom’s principal composition

density wise

A

nothing everything condensed in the nucleus.

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5
Q

define isotopes

A

atoms with the same nb of p+ but different number of neutrons
possess identical chemical properties

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6
Q

Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties as the parent atom

A

chemistry depends on the electron not nucleus

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7
Q

true or false
isotopes are always considered when calculating the atomic mass

A

true

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8
Q

what does the symbol A represent

A

the atomic mass

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9
Q

define a covalent bond

A

sharing of electron

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10
Q

whats the difference between a compound and a molecule

A

compound is a molecule with different atoms
molecules is just atoms, they’re not necessarily different

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11
Q

define ionic bonds

A

formed by the attractions between oppositely charged ions

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12
Q

name the main groups

A

alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
halogens
noble gases

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13
Q

name the diatomic elements

A

H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I

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14
Q

When do we use prefixes when naming compounds

A

ONLY if covalent compounds
ex: CO= carbon monoxide

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15
Q

why do atoms lose or gain e-

A

to gain stability( be like closest noble gas)

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16
Q

Define the types of ions with their charges

A

anions have negative charges(gain e-)
cations have positive charges (lose e-)

17
Q

How to name type 1 binary ionic compounds

A

monoatomic cation takes its name from the element
monoatomic anion takes its name from the root of element + ide
ex: MgBr2= Magnesium bromide

18
Q

how to name type 2 binary ionic compounds

A

names remain the same as type 1 but the charge of the transition metal must be added
ex: PbO2= Lead (IV) oxide

19
Q

True or False
We add prefixes in polyatomic ions

20
Q

Whats the charge of Ag, Zn and Cd

A

+1, +2 and +2

21
Q

What’s the charge of a peroxide and superoxide

A

-1 and -1/2

22
Q

How to name covalent compounds

A

use prefixes used to indicate nb of atoms of each element in chemical name

23
Q

True or False
We never add mono for the first element

24
Q

How to name acids

A

if an anion doesn’t have oxygen the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic
if anion has oxygen then only add suffix -ic if root name ends in ate and suffix -ous if root name ends in ite.

25
in what order do we name multiple cations in molecule
in alphabetical order
26
how to name hydrates
specify nb of water molecule and rest of molecule like normal
27
how do you call molecules with no water attached to it
anhydrous