Chapter 2 Flashcards
name all the subatomic particles and their charges
electron (negative)
proton (positive)
neutron (neutral)
what symbol represents the atomic number
Z
what’s the nucleus characteristic
extremely dense, represents almost all of the atom’s mass
whats an atom’s principal composition
density wise
nothing everything condensed in the nucleus.
define isotopes
atoms with the same nb of p+ but different number of neutrons
possess identical chemical properties
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties as the parent atom
chemistry depends on the electron not nucleus
true or false
isotopes are always considered when calculating the atomic mass
true
what does the symbol A represent
the atomic mass
define a covalent bond
sharing of electron
whats the difference between a compound and a molecule
compound is a molecule with different atoms
molecules is just atoms, they’re not necessarily different
define ionic bonds
formed by the attractions between oppositely charged ions
name the main groups
alkali metals
alkaline earth metals
halogens
noble gases
name the diatomic elements
H, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I
When do we use prefixes when naming compounds
ONLY if covalent compounds
ex: CO= carbon monoxide
why do atoms lose or gain e-
to gain stability( be like closest noble gas)
Define the types of ions with their charges
anions have negative charges(gain e-)
cations have positive charges (lose e-)
How to name type 1 binary ionic compounds
monoatomic cation takes its name from the element
monoatomic anion takes its name from the root of element + ide
ex: MgBr2= Magnesium bromide
how to name type 2 binary ionic compounds
names remain the same as type 1 but the charge of the transition metal must be added
ex: PbO2= Lead (IV) oxide
True or False
We add prefixes in polyatomic ions
False
Whats the charge of Ag, Zn and Cd
+1, +2 and +2
What’s the charge of a peroxide and superoxide
-1 and -1/2
How to name covalent compounds
use prefixes used to indicate nb of atoms of each element in chemical name
True or False
We never add mono for the first element
true
How to name acids
if an anion doesn’t have oxygen the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic
if anion has oxygen then only add suffix -ic if root name ends in ate and suffix -ous if root name ends in ite.
in what order do we name multiple cations in molecule
in alphabetical order
how to name hydrates
specify nb of water molecule and rest of molecule like normal
how do you call molecules with no water attached to it
anhydrous
