Chapter 10 Flashcards
what the difference between intermolecular forces and intramolecular forces
intermolecular are between molecules and intramolecular forces are within the molecule
state all intermolecular forces in decreasing order
ion-dipole
hydrogen bonding
dipole-dipole
LDF
describe ion-dipole force
usually happens when polar water molecules attract ions from salt that are dissolving
attraction between polar molecule and ions
describe dipole-dipole force
electrostatic attraction between two polar molecules
their partial charges atttract one another
happens in condensed state where many dipoles attract eachother
describe hydrogen bonding force
depends on the polarity of the molecule
strong dipole dipole force where h is bonded to an electronegative atom
what are the two conditions in hydrogen bonding
1- H must be bonded to N/F/O
2 N/F/O must be bonded to H
describe london dispersion forces
-induced dipole that happens temporarily and accidentally
- present in all molecules, polar and non polar
- more significant if molecule is bigger
how does the melting/boiling point change according to forces
directly proportional
strong force= high melting/boiling point
what are the 3 main parts of a phase diagram
1- triple point: all phase coexist
2- critical point: substance is liquid and solid at once, new phase
3- phase equilibrium line: lines where phases are in equilibrium
does a change in state come from within the molecule or amongst molecules
amongst molecules
is energy added or removed when going from solid to liquid state
energy is added to increase motion until liquid state is reached
is energy added or removed when going from liquid to gaseous state
energy is added until molecules fall apart and no more interactions between particles
