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Prehospital Emergency Care > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
0
Q

“Not me.”

A

Denial

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1
Q

5 Emotional Stages of Death

A 
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression 
Acceptance
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2
Q

“Why me?”

A

Anger

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3
Q

“Okay, but first let me…”

A

Bargaining

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4
Q

“Okay, but I haven’t…”

A

Depression

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5
Q

“Okay, I’m not afraid.”

A

Acceptance

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6
Q

Describe some high stress situations for EMS personnel.

A

MCIs; abuse and neglect of patients; emergencies involving kids; providing care to a relative or friend; severe traumatic injuries.

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of acute stress?

A

(Signs and symptoms occur immediately.)

Nausea, elevated HR, sweating, tremors, loss of appetite, excessive eating, insomnia, trouble concentrating.

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of delayed stress reaction?

A

(s/s not evident immediately - days, months, or years later.)
PTSD, irritability, nightmares, flash backs, decreased ability to relate to others, increased internal conflict.

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of cumulative stress reaction?

A

(Result of consistent stress exposure.)

Burnout-state of exhaustion and irradiating.

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10
Q

s/s of Stress

A

Thinking - confusion, forgetfulness, inability to decide, loss of motivation.
Psychological - depression, anger, mood swings, defensiveness.
Physical - exhaustion, headaches, GI distress, dizziness, increased HR
Behavioral - overacting, alcohol or drug use, teeth grinding, hyperactivity, lack of energy.
Social - decreased ability to relate to other or resolve interpersonal conflicts.

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11
Q

Describe lifestyle changes you can make to cope with stress.

A

Improve your diet. Exercise more. Relax. Avoid self-medicating.

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12
Q

Describe responses from friends/family may have to your work in EMS.

A

Lack of understanding. Fear or separation or being ignored. Worry about on-call situations. Inability to plan. Frustrated desire to share.

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13
Q

Describe ways to manage stress in an EMS work environment.

A

Develop a buddy system with a coworker. Encourage and support coworkers. Take a break and exercise. Rotate your duty assignment.

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14
Q

Discuss the components of critical incident stress management.

A

CISD, defusing, spouse and family support, follow-up services, one-on-one support, on-scene peer support.

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15
Q

Diseases caused by bacteria.

A

Sinus infection; ear infection; bacterial pneumonia; strep throat; TB; UTI.

16
Q

Diseases caused by viruses.

A

Common cold; flu; AIDS; hepatitis; viral pneumonia; SARS; chicken virus.

17
Q

Diseases caused by fungi.

A

Forms of pneumonia. (Typically do not cause infection in normal immune systems.)

18
Q

Diseases caused by Protozoa.

A

Malaria. (Frequently enter body through fecal-oral route.)

19
Q

Diseases caused by helminths.

A

Parasitic worms - roundworms, tapeworms, flukes. (Usually introduced through worm eggs in food or water.)

40
Q

Describe measures that you can take to protect yourself from disease and/or injury.

A

Standard Precautions
Hand washing; PPE (eye protection, protective gloves, gowns, masks); wash uniform in hot soapy water; use disposable equipment but NEVER reuse it.

41
Q

Describe how to protect employees from infectious exposures.

A

Cleaning; disinfecting; sterilization (anything in contact with mucous membranes or open/internal structures); immunizations; reporting exposures.

42
Q

Risks and prevention measures for Hepatitis B.

A

Contracted through blood and body fluids.
Wear gloves. Bandage all open wounds on hands. Wash hands after removing gloves. Get hep B vaccine. Double-bag and seal all soiled refuse. Disinfect/sterilize all nondisposable equipment.

43
Q

Risks and prevention measures for Hepatitis C.

A

Bloodborne infection in U.S. Transmitted through needlestick. No vaccine.

44
Q

Risks and prevention measures for TB.

A

Spread by cough droplets and infected sputum.

Wear gloves and respirator (HEPA, N-95); use OSHA-approved equipment for artificial ventilation; wash hands; disinfect.

45
Q

Risks and prevention measures for HIV/AIDS.

A

Transmitted through: sex, infected needles, infect blood, in gestation.
Follow Standard Precautions at all times.

46
Q

Risks and prevention measures for SARS.

A

Transmitted by person-to-person contact by respiratory droplets.
Wear surgical mask, glasses, and gloves. Put mask on patient. Do NOT touch eyes, nose, or mouth with gloved hands. Wash hands.

47
Q

Risks and prevention measures for West Nile Virus.

A

Transmitted by infected mosquito.

Use Standard Precautions.

48
Q

Risks and prevention measures for Multi-Resistant Organisms.

A

Transmitted through direct person-to-person contact.

Use Standard Precautions and wash hands.

49
Q

Explain the risks and measures to protect yourself against HM.

A

Use binoculars to identify substance. Provide care only when scene is safe, contamination is limited, and patients are decon.

50
Q

Explain the risks and measures to protect yourself against Rescue Siutations.

A

Call for assistance before attempting to reach patient. Follow local protocol. Wear appropriate PPE.

51
Q

Explain the risks and measures to protect yourself against Traffic-related Injuries.

A

On highway wear Class 2 or 3 high-visibility vest. May consider waterproof and slip-resistant boots and gloves.

52
Q

Explain the risks and measures to protect yourself against violence and crimes.

A

Make sure LEO secures scene before entering. May consider using body armor.

53
Q

Describe the components to physical and mental wellness.

A

Physical fitness-cardio, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, body comp
Adequate sleep
Smoking cessation
Alcohol and drug-related issues

Prehospital Emergency Care (4 decks)

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