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Prehospital Emergency Care > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

Required each state to establish a highway safety program that met prescribed federal standards and included emergency services. Included initiative of developing national standard curricula, which EMT programs have evolved from.

A

Highway Safety Act of 1966

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1
Q

Known as the “white paper”, detailing the number of deaths and injuries related to traffic accidents in the U.S. in 1966. Identified severe deficiencies in delivery of prehospital care.

A

Accidental Death & Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society

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2
Q

Provided access to millions of dollars of funding geared to EMS system.

A

Emergency Medical Services System Act of 1973

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3
Q

Taught CPR and basic life support to the public.

A

American Heart Association

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4
Q

Defined issues relate to EMS training and education and guide the development of national training curricula.

A

National Emergency Medical Services Education and Practice Blueprint

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5
Q

Published in 1996 to make EMS a greater component. In 2000 the follow up addressed the consistency in education, training, and certification of EMS.

A

EMS Agenda for the Future; EMS Education Agenda for the Future: A Systems Approach

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6
Q

Defined the domain of knowledge found in National EMS Scope of Practice.

A

National EMS Core Content

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7
Q

Defines 4 levels of EMS licensure and corresponding knowledges and skills.

A

National EMS Scope of Practice Model

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8
Q

Recommended in 2006 that all states use a scope of practice that allows for reciprocity.

A

The Future of EMS Care: EMS at the Crossroads

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9
Q

Regulation and Policy

A

States laws, regulations, policies, and procedures that govern state EMS system.

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10
Q

Resource Management

A

Each locality and all patients have equal access to emergency care.

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11
Q

Human Resources and Training

A

All ambulance and transport personnel must be at least EMT.

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12
Q

Transportation

A

Safe and reliable ground or air ambulance.

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13
Q

Facilities

A

Ill or injured delivered to appropriate medical facility.

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14
Q

Communications

A

Provide public access to the system and communication between dispatcher, EMS, and hospital.

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15
Q

Public Information and Education

A

Participate in programs designed to education public in prevention and how to access the system.

16
Q

Medial Direction

A

Each EMS system must have a physician as a medical director to provide oversight and delegate scope of practice.

17
Q

Trauma Systems

A

Develop a system of specialized care plus systems for assigning and transporting patients to such.

18
Q

Evaluation

A

Have a quality improvement system in place.

19
Q

Enhanced 911

A

Provides ANI (automatic number identification) and ALI (automatic location identification)

20
Q

FCC (Federal Communication Commission) rules for information that wireless must provide PSAP (public service answering point)

A

1) Basic 911 (must transmit all 911 calls)
2) Phase I Enhanced (telephone number and location of cell site)
3) Phase II Enhanced (latitude and longitude with 50-300m)

21
Q

EMR

A

Basic airway, ventilation, and oxygen therapy; vital signs; stabilization; CPR; AED, eye irrigation, bleeding control, emergency childbirth care

22
Q

EMT

A

EMR + advanced oxygen therapy and ventilation; pulse oximetry; automatic blood pressure monitoring, limited Rx

23
Q

AEMT

A

EMT + advanced airway devices; monitoring blood glucose; intravenous and intrados serous infusions; selected Rx

24
Q

Paramedic

A

AEMT + advanced assessments; invasive and drug interventions; form field impression

25
Q

Give examples of “personal safety and safety others” used by an EMT.

A

Use a seat belt.
Never enter volatile crowd situation until controlled by LEO.
Wear reflective clothing and protective gear.

26
Q

Give examples of “patient assessment and emergency care” used by an EMT.

A

Perform primary assessment to identify and care for immediately life-threatening problems.

27
Q

Give examples of “safe lifting and moving” used by an EMT.

A

Use easiest and safest lift for urgent and nonurgent moves and proper body mechanics.

28
Q

Give examples of “transport and transfer of care” used by an EMT.

A

Follow local protocols.
Notify receiving facility of number of patients, ETA, and extent of injuries.
Defensive driving.

29
Q

Give examples of “record keeping and data collection” used by an EMT.

A

Complete PCR as soon as possible.

30
Q

Give examples of “patient advocacy” used by an EMT.

A

Safeguard patient’s valuables - collect, transport, document.
Shield patient as much as possible.
Honor any patient requests.

31
Q

Discuss the purpose of medical direction.

A

Care rendered by EMT is extension of medical director’s authority.
Every EMS must have medical director in order provide prehospital care.
Protocols (off-line, on-line, standing orders) define scope of medical care.

32
Q

What is an EMT’s role in QI?

A

Document carefully. Perform reviews and audits. Obtain feedback. Maintain equipment. Participate in continuing education. Maintain skills.

33
Q

What activities in EMS pose a high risk of mistakes and injuries?

A

1) Transfer of care or “hand-off”.
2) Poor communication.
3) Carrying and moving patients.
4) Ambulance crash.
5) Lack of spinal immoblization.

34
Q

Discuss steps that you can take to minimize mistakes and injuries.

A

Develop clear protocols. Light the scence. Minimize interruptions during assessment. Mark all drugs. Reflect on actions. Question all assumptions. Use decision aids. Ask for assistance when needed.

35
Q

4 Steps in evidence-based decision making

A

1) Formulate a question.
2) Search medical literature.
3) Evaluate validity and reliability of research.
4) Change protocols if evidence supports.

36
Q

What are the limitations in evidence-based decision making in EMS.

A

Little research specifically in prehospital care. There are different variables in hospital and prehospital care.

37
Q

Describe the relationship between EMS and public health.

A

EMTs may be the frontline to identify problems, report issues to proper agencies, and provide education to affect parts of the population.

38
Q

10 Greatest Public Health Achievements in the U.S. in the 20th century

A

1) Vaccinations
2) Motor-vehicle safey
3) Workplace safety
4) Control of infectious disease
5) Reduction in deaths from CAD and stroke
6) Food safety and health
7) Decline in maternal and infant mortality
8) Sexual barrier devices
9) Fluoridation of water
10) Reduction in tobacco use

Prehospital Emergency Care (4 decks)

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