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Intro to Ag 1 Key Terms > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Acidic

A

more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-)

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2
Q

adobe

A

a mixture of sandy soil and clay has been used for buildings for thousands of years

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3
Q

aggregate

A

A material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass of fragments or particles

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4
Q

alkaline

A

contain more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions

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5
Q

anchorage

A

Plants are firmly supported in deep soil where roots can grow freely

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6
Q

buffering

A

solution contains either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt, which is resistant to changes in pH

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7
Q

bulk density

A

refers to the weight of the oven-dry (moisture removed) soil with its natural structural arrangement

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8
Q

Cation exchange capacity (CEC)

A

Total number of exchangeable cations a soil can hold (the amount of its negative charge)

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9
Q

clay

A

smallest class of soil particles

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10
Q

concrete

A

a construction material mix of natural soil and small amounts of cement and water, is used in building foundations, bases for roads, parking lots and airports

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11
Q

evaporation

A

how water is transformed from liquid to vapor)

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12
Q

Field Capacity (FP)

A

when all the gravitational water has been drained and a vertical movement of water due to gravity is negligible

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13
Q

Gravitational water (GW)

A

water held between saturation and field capacity

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14
Q

Hygroscopic water

A

Water held by electrical attraction and is unable to leave the soil.

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15
Q

immobilization

A

The conversion of an element from the inorganic to the organic form in microbial tissues or in plant tissues, thus rendering the element not readily available to other organisms or to plants.

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16
Q

insoluable

A

A chemical compound that does not readily dissolve in water.

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17
Q

load-bearing capacity

A

what soil is able to support

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18
Q

loam

A

a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus

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19
Q

mineralization

A

Decomposition or oxidation of the chemical compounds in organic matter into plant-accessible forms.

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20
Q

neutral

A

contains equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions

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21
Q

nitrogen cycle

A

The sequence of chemical and biological changes undergone by nitrogen as it moves from the atmosphere into water, soil, and living organisms, and upon death of these organisms (plants and animals) is recycled through a part or all of the entire process.

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22
Q

nutrients

A

(1) A substance that nourishes the metabolic processes of the body; (2) the end product of digestion.

Plants need 16 nutrients to live, 13 of which are obtained from soil: Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Chlorine (Cl), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Nitrogen, (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium, (K) Sulfur (S), Zinc (Zn). Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) come from the air and water.

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23
Q

organic

A

relating to or derived from living matter

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24
Q

organic matter

A

Consists of plant and animal residues in various stages of decay

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25
parent material
is the lowest layer
26
Permanent wilting point (PWP)
is defined as the point where no more water is available to the plant.
27
PH
acidity or alkalinity
28
pore space
is a part of the volume of soil measured for bulk density
29
saline
salt
30
Shrink-swell potential
is the extent that a clay (smallest class of soil particles) soil will expand or contract when wet or dry)
31
sodic
high concentration of sodium (alkali soils)
32
soil
consists of loose mineral and organic material on the earth’s surface that serves as a medium for the growth of plants.
33
soil aeration
exchanges soil and atmospheric air to maintain adequate oxygen for plant roots
34
soil air
having less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than the atmosphere
35
soil classification
is according to individual three-dimensional entities which are grouped according to similar physical, chemical and mineralogical properties
36
soil depth
is the distance between the soil surface and the layer which is unfavorable for root growth
37
soil solution
Water held by soils and the nutrients it contains.
38
soil texture
refers to the amount of sand, silt and clay in the soil
39
structure
refers to arrangement of soil particles
40
subsoil
is the layer just under the topsoil
41
texture
feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface or a substance
42
topsoil
the surface or very top layer of soil
43
transpiration
how water is moved through plants into the air
44
water-logged
saturation of soil with water
45
more hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxyl ions (OH-)
Acidic
46
a mixture of sandy soil and clay has been used for buildings for thousands of years
adobe
47
A material or structure formed from a loosely compacted mass of fragments or particles
aggregate
48
contain more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions
alkaline
49
Plants are firmly supported in deep soil where roots can grow freely
anchorage
50
solution contains either a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt, which is resistant to changes in pH
buffering
51
refers to the weight of the oven-dry (moisture removed) soil with its natural structural arrangement
bulk density
52
Total number of exchangeable cations a soil can hold (the amount of its negative charge)
Cation exchange capacity (CEC)
53
smallest class of soil particles
clay
54
a construction material mix of natural soil and small amounts of cement and water, is used in building foundations, bases for roads, parking lots and airports
concrete
55
how water is transformed from liquid to vapor)
evaporation
56
when all the gravitational water has been drained and a vertical movement of water due to gravity is negligible
Field Capacity (FP)
57
water held between saturation and field capacity
Gravitational water (GW)
58
Water held by electrical attraction and is unable to leave the soil.
Hygroscopic water
59
The conversion of an element from the inorganic to the organic form in microbial tissues or in plant tissues, thus rendering the element not readily available to other organisms or to plants.
immobilization
60
A chemical compound that does not readily dissolve in water.
insoluable
61
what soil is able to support
load-bearing capacity
62
a fertile soil of clay and sand containing humus
loam
63
Decomposition or oxidation of the chemical compounds in organic matter into plant-accessible forms.
mineralization
64
contains equal concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions
neutral
65
The sequence of chemical and biological changes undergone by nitrogen as it moves from the atmosphere into water, soil, and living organisms, and upon death of these organisms (plants and animals) is recycled through a part or all of the entire process.
nitrogen cycle
66
(1) A substance that nourishes the metabolic processes of the body; (2) the end product of digestion. Plants need 16 nutrients to live, 13 of which are obtained from soil: Boron (B), Calcium (Ca), Chlorine (Cl), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Nitrogen, (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium, (K) Sulfur (S), Zinc (Zn). Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) come from the air and water.
nutrients
67
relating to or derived from living matter
organic
68
Consists of plant and animal residues in various stages of decay
organic matter
69
is the lowest layer
parent material
70
is defined as the point where no more water is available to the plant.
Permanent wilting point (PWP)
71
acidity or alkalinity
PH
72
is a part of the volume of soil measured for bulk density
pore space
73
salt
saline
74
is the extent that a clay (smallest class of soil particles) soil will expand or contract when wet or dry)
Shrink-swell potential
75
high concentration of sodium (alkali soils)
sodic
76
consists of loose mineral and organic material on the earth’s surface that serves as a medium for the growth of plants.
soil
77
exchanges soil and atmospheric air to maintain adequate oxygen for plant roots
soil aeration
78
having less oxygen and more carbon dioxide than the atmosphere
soil air
79
is according to individual three-dimensional entities which are grouped according to similar physical, chemical and mineralogical properties
soil classification
80
is the distance between the soil surface and the layer which is unfavorable for root growth
soil depth
81
Water held by soils and the nutrients it contains.
soil solution
82
refers to the amount of sand, silt and clay in the soil
soil texture
83
refers to arrangement of soil particles
structure
84
is the layer just under the topsoil
subsoil
85
feel, appearance, or consistency of a surface or a substance
texture
86
the surface or very top layer of soil
topsoil
87
how water is moved through plants into the air
transpiration
88
saturation of soil with water
water-logged

Intro to Ag 1 Key Terms (14 decks)

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