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Chemistry for Engineers > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

is a crystal that contains no point, line, or planar defects

A

perfect crystal

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2
Q

are defects that occur only at or around a single lattice point

A

point defects

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3
Q

are lines along which whole rows of atoms in a solid are arranged anomalously

A

line defects

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4
Q

is discontinuity of the perfect crystal structure across a plane

A

planar defects

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5
Q

occur where the crystallographic direction of the lattice abruptly changes.

A

grain boundaries

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6
Q

occur in ordered alloys in this case the crystallographic direction remains the same, but each side of the boundary has an opposite phase

A

atiphase boundaries

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7
Q

occur in a number of crystal structures, but the common example is close-packed structures

A

stacking fruits

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8
Q

a defect that introduces a plane symmetry in the ordering of a crystal

A

twin boundary

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9
Q

a state where there is no pattern or arrangements

A

no order

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10
Q

arrangement of the atom extends only on the atom’s nearest neighbors

A

short-range order

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11
Q

each water molecule in steam has short-range order due to the covalent bonds

A

steam water

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12
Q

are joined together in a random manner. it may share corners, edgess, or faces

A

tetrahedral structure in silica

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13
Q

orderliness repeated over infinitely great distances.

A

long range order

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14
Q

have a crystalline structure in which the atoms or ions display long range order

A

MASCS
metals, alloys, semiconductors, ceramics, and some polymers

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15
Q

material forms a regular repetitive, grid-like pattern, in three dimensions

A

crystalline materials

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16
Q

the crystal lattice of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries

A

single crystal

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17
Q

small crystallites with different crystal orientations that are separated by grain boundaries

A

polycrystalline materials

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18
Q

any material that exhibits only a short-range order of atoms or ions

A

amorphous materials

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19
Q

are formed due to kinetics of the fabrication of the material

A

amorphous material

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20
Q

a collection of lattice points, which are arranged in a periodic pattern

A

lattice

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21
Q

why lattice points are arranged in periodic pattern?

A

so that each point is identical

22
Q

lattice can be how many dimensional

A

one, two, or three

23
Q

a group of one or more atoms located in a particular way

A

basis

24
Q

the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three dimensional pattern of the entire crystal

A

unit cell

25
Q

three dimensional arrangements of lattice points

A

bravais lattices

26
Q

a lattice named after auguste bravais who was an early french crystallographer

A

bravais lattices

27
Q

Seven crystal systems

A

MHROCTT
monoclinic, hexagonal, rhombohedral, orthorhombic, cubic, triclinic, and tetragonal

28
Q

directions within the unit cell in which the atoms are in continuos contact are

A

close packed direction

29
Q

the number of atoms touching a given atom

A

coordination number

30
Q

space occupied by atoms

A

packing factor

31
Q

classifying solids based on bonds

A

MICM
metallic solids, ionic solids, covalent network solids, and molecular solids

32
Q

are held together by a sea of collectively shared electrons

A

metallic solids

33
Q

sets of cations and anions mutually attracted to one another

A

ionic solids

34
Q

joined by an extensive network of covalent bonds

A

covalent network solids

35
Q

descrete molecules held together by weak forces

A

molecular solids

36
Q

long chains of atoms connected by covalent bonds, the chains are connected to other chains by weak forces

A

polymers

37
Q

crystlline compounds with the crystals on the order of 1-100 nm

A

nanomaterials

38
Q

solids with a regular repeating pattern of atoms is a

A

crystalline

39
Q

lack of order in the arrangement of atoms

A

amorphous solids

40
Q

basis of a repeating pattern is the unit cell

A

unit cell

41
Q

the structure of the crystalline solid is defined by

A

a. the size and shape of the unit cell
b. the locations of atoms

42
Q

geometric pattern on which the unit cell is based

A

crystal lattice

43
Q

overall structure of the crystalline compound

A

lattice points

44
Q

connects the points and define the unit cell

A

lattice vectors

45
Q

have atoms only in the lattice points

A

primitive points

46
Q

have atoms in another regular location

A

centered lattices

47
Q

group of atoms that define the overall structure

A

motif

48
Q

structures of many metals conform to one of the cubic unit

A

metallic structure

49
Q

atoms in a crystal pack as close together as they can

A

close packing

50
Q

three common types of packing

A

CHC
cubic close packed
hexagonal
close packed

51
Q
A

Chemistry for Engineers (4 decks)

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