Chapter 2

Question 1

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTION

• He believed that the Earth was at the center (Geocentrism)
  I- n the early times, people questioned what created days and nights
• Many Greek philosophers and intellectuals wrote about planets in an attempt to explain the movements of heavenly bodies and their effects on the world
• introduced “heliocentrism”, which suggest that the center of the Solar System was not the Earth but actually the sun.
• persecuted as a heretic because his teachings were against what was widely accepted by religion. Later on, Copernican model became the birth of modern astronomy

Answer 1

COPERNICAL REVOLUTION

Question 2

One of the most controversial intellectual revolutions of its time.

• Published “On the Origin of Species”
• Introduced the “Theory of Evolution”, posited that populations pas through a process of natural selection in which only the fittest would survive. He stated that organisms have the ability to adapt to their environment and would gradually change into something that would be more competitive to survive ( evolution)
• It is controversial as people perceived it to be contradictory to the church’s teachings

Answer 2

DARWINIAN REVOLUTION

Question 3

In the 19th century, Sigmund Freud was able to change people’s perception of psychology with his revolutionary theory of psychoanalysis.
- Psychoanalysis is the study that explains human behavior
- Freud explained that there are many conscious and unconscious factors that can influence behavior and emotions Argued that personality is a product of three conflicting elements: id, ego and superego
- Psychoanalysis as a science since its concepts were more philosophical and supernatural
- Many believed that Freud’s theory had no scientific basis as no empirical or experimental data could support it

Answer 3

FREUDIAN REVOLUTION