Chapter 1 Flashcards
CIVILIZATION
Ancient Rulers : Babylonian Civilization
MESOPOTAMIA - is situated between two famous rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris
Transportation
Chariots, donkeys, horses and camels
Turnip or Guffa Boat wheel Guffa Boat
MESOPOTAMIA - is situated between two famous rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris
Communication
Pictograms
Cuneiform - A carefully cut writing implement known as stylus is pressed into soft clay to produce wedge-like impressions that represent word-signs (pictographs) and, later known as phonograms or `word-concepts’.
MESOPOTAMIA - is situated between two famous rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris
CONSERVATION OF LIFE
Ashipus “witch doctor”
Asus
MESOPOTAMIA - is situated between two famous rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris
ENGINEERING
- Babylonian calendar had 12 lunar months (about 354 days)
- Ancient Sumerians invented the sexagesimal system , later, brought it into use in their mathematical and astronomical systems.
- “Sexagesimal system”; the numbering system we use to tell time today. This system operates on what matematicians call “base 60”
It was also this time that the composite bow was First thought to be used. Made of three basic layers of Dissimilar materials
MESOPOTAMIA - is situated between two famous rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris
ARCHITECTURE
- Sculptors were compelled To use such substitutes as terra- cotta (baked clay)
- Ziggurats ancient towering, stepped structures having the form of a terraced step pyramid
- Irrigation systems canals, gated ditches, levees and gates to bring water to large stretches of territory through a widely branching network of canals
MESOPOTAMIA - is situated between two famous rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris
CIVILIZATION
Schools are only for elite and wealthy Only the sons of the nobility, government officials, priests and rich merchants went to school.
MESOPOTAMIA - is situated between two famous rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris
CIVILIZATION
- Donkeys, played a massive part when it comes to transportation, also used for carrying goods.
- Carrying chairs were adapted and strapped to the back of donkeys as a sort of primitive saddle.
- The Egyptian hieroglyphic script was one of the writing Systems used by ancient
- Egyptian scribes used papyrus and other alternative writing surfaces, including writing boards generally made of wood.
PAPYRUS= the first paper in history that revolutionizes the literary world by producing a smooth, flexible writing material that can accept and retain ink without a blur or smudge - Cosmetic Makeup and Wigs
= They are the first nations that create perfumes, oils, and other beauty treatments. They combine soot with a lead mineral called galena to create a black ointment known as kohl. They also made green eye makeup by combining malachite with galena to tint the ointment. - Egyptian water clock or ‘clepsydra
= is filled with water, which leak out slowly indicating the passage of hours which differed according to the month and whether day or night. - Mummification
= a method of embalming or treating the dead body. It is important in their religion to preserve the dead body in as life-like a manner as possible
EGYPTIAN - Egypt is home to one of the oldest civilizations on earth. It thrives for thousands of years as an independent nation whose culture is famous for great cultural advances in every area of human knowledge, from the arts to science to technology and religion.
CONSERVATION OF LIFE
developed their theory of
“channels” that carried air, water
and blood to the body by analogies
with the River Nile, crops would
become unhealthy if it is blocked.
EGYPTIAN - Egypt is home to one of the oldest civilizations on earth. It thrives for thousands of years as an independent nation whose culture is famous for great cultural advances in every area of human knowledge, from the arts to science to technology and religion.
Engineering
- The obelisks of ancient Egypt
- Granite is hard and to shape it, you need something even harder.
EGYPTIAN - Egypt is home to one of the oldest civilizations on earth. It thrives for thousands of years as an independent nation whose culture is famous for great cultural advances in every area of human knowledge, from the arts to science to technology and religion.
ARCHITECTURE
- Pyramids
- Tomb chamber of a pyramid
- The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and their queens.
EGYPTIAN - Egypt is home to one of the oldest civilizations on earth. It thrives for thousands of years as an independent nation whose culture is famous for great cultural advances in every area of human knowledge, from the arts to science to technology and religion.
The hanging Gardens of Babylon - a colossal maze of terraced trees, shrubs, flowers, and manmade waterfalls, is one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION - The writings, literature, religion, art, architecture, and science of the Babylonians are unique in their own way. The Babylonians wrote around 2, 000 books on religion, science, mathematics, and astrology. They also excelled in the field of science. The priests carefully observed the sun, moon planet and star to forecast the future.
Astronomy and Astrology
- The zodiac is a - invention of great antiquity and eclipses of the sun and moon could be foretold.
- The stars had been numbered and named at an early date. Advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge about constellations, distance from the earth to the sun, the solstices, and equinoxes, that the orbit of the earth was elliptical, the number of planets in our galaxy, among others.
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION - The writings, literature, religion, art, architecture, and science of the Babylonians are unique in their own way. The Babylonians wrote around 2, 000 books on religion, science, mathematics, and astrology. They also excelled in the field of science. The priests carefully observed the sun, moon planet and star to forecast the future.
Calendar System
They use a calendar with alternating 29- and 30-day months. This system requires the addition of an extra month three times every eight years, and as a further adjustment the king periodically order the insertion of an additional extra month into the calendar
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION - The writings, literature, religion, art, architecture, and science of the Babylonians are unique in their own way. The Babylonians wrote around 2, 000 books on religion, science, mathematics, and astrology. They also excelled in the field of science. The priests carefully observed the sun, moon planet and star to forecast the future.
Hippocrates is an ancient Greek physician one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is known as the father of Western medicine in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field. Hippocrates is the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine.
Aristotle introduce the idea of the earth as a globe. He also classified animals and is the father of zoology.
Theophrastus is the first botanist, he outlines the basic concepts of morphology, classification, and the natural history of plants. He is also considered as father of ecology because he is the first to describe the interrelationships between organisms and the environment.
Archimedes discovered that submerging a solid object in water would displace the same amount of liquid as the object’s weight.
GREEK CIVILIZATION - The Greeks have so much influence in the early concepts of science that most symbols used in physics and math equations are derived from the Greek alphabet.
Alarm clock is the first awakening device One of the most used gadgets is the alarm clock. Over time, the alarm clock has undergone changes and improvements from the mechanical alarm to modern gadgets like cell phones.
GREEK CIVILIZATION - The Greeks have so much influence in the early concepts of science that most symbols used in physics and math equations are derived from the Greek alphabet.
Water mill - Ever since its invention, the water mill has seen several adaptations, which people use it to mill different raw materials.
These mills are still used in many parts of the world and serve a similar function. To mill means to grind, and that invariably means to grind grain. This in turn led to the production of edible food staples like rice, cereals, pulses, and flour.
GREEK CIVILIZATION - The Greeks have so much influence in the early concepts of science that most symbols used in physics and math equations are derived from the Greek alphabet.
