Chapter 2 Flashcards
father of psychometrics/test measurement
francis galton
_____’s interest in individual differences led his half cousin _____ to devise a number of measures for psychological variables
darwin’s ; francis galton
started the first experimental psychology lab in germany and measured variables (reaction time, perception, and attention span)
wilhelm max wundt
first ever person to conduct a psych experiment in the philippines
fr. angel de blas o.p
who is the father of structuralism
wilhelm max wundt
who coined the term mental test in 1890 and introduced mental testing in america
james mckeen cattell
who concepted the 16 personality test
raymond cattell
what century brought the first tests of abilities such as intelligence
20th
one of the most prominent IQ test
standford binet test
test for children who are intellectually impaired
standford binet test
brought the need for large-scale testing of the intellectual ability of new recruits
world war I and world war II
after _____, psychologists increasingly used the tests in government and civilian applications
world war II
by the late 1930s, about _____ different psychological tests were in print
4,000
the first widely used self-report measure of personality
woodworth psychoneurotic inventory
a process whereby assessees themselves supply assessment-related info by responding to questions, keeping a diary, or self-monitoring thoughts or behaviors
self-report
advantage or disadvantage: respondents are arguably the best-qualified people to provide answers about themselves
advantage of the self-report personality test
advantage or disadvantage: respondents may have poor insights into themselves
disadvantage of the self-report personality test
advantage or disadvantage: people might honestly believe some things about themselves that, in reality, are not true
disadvantage of the self-report personality test
advantage or disadvantage: respondents are unwilling to reveal anything about themselves that is very personal or paints them in a negative light
disadvantage of the self-report personality test
projective tests are also called what?
psychodiagnostic tests
test in which an individual is assumed to project onto some ambiguous stimulus his or her own unique needs, fears, hopes, and motivation
projective test
a series of inkblots
rorschach test
the development of psychological measurement can be traced along two distinct threads
academic tradition and applied tradition
tradition in which researchers at universities throughout the world use the tools of assessment to help advance knowledge and understanding of humans and animal behaviors
academic tradition
tradition in which the goal is to help select applicants for various positions on the basis of merit; done through recruitment
applied tradition
the socially transmitted behavior patterns, beliefs, and products of work of a particular population, community, or group of people
culture
true or false: culture was not a problem during assessments
false; culture was a problem during assessments (some tests were designed for people from one culture but not from another)
according to freud, dreams are _____
wish fulfilments
acceptable to ego
ego-syntonic
threatening to ego so it is transformed into symbols (ex: archetypes by jung)
ego-dystonic
freud’s symbolisms: plants/trees
longing for mother
freud’s symbolisms: teeth falling out
you have an enemy that you want to remove from your life
freud’s symbolisms: poop or giving birth
anything elongated or round means you’re longing for sex
henry goddard found that the majority of immigrant populations were _____
feeble minded
_____ signs or body language may vary from one culture to another
non verbal
theory that assigns symbolic significance to many non-verbal acts
psychoanalysis
culture that value traits such as conformity, cooperation, interdependence, and striving toward group goals
collectivist culture
culture that value traits such as self-reliance, autonomy, independence, uniqueness, and competitiveness
individualist culture
what is the motivation for introverts
the self
what is the motivation for extroverts
other people and their affirmations
what level of test administration: tests or aids that can adequately be administered, scored, and interpreted with the aid of the manual (ex: USTET, quizzes, surveys)
Level A
what level of test administration: tests or aids that require some technical knowledge of test construction and of supporting psychological and educational fields (ex: training like IQ tests for licenses like Rpm, LPT, Rpsy)
Level B
what level of test administration: tests and aids that require substantial understanding of testing supporting psychological fields together with supervised experience in the use of these devices (ex: certifications + individualized trainings, projective tests)
Level C
challenges in testing people with disabilities
- transforming the test into a form that can be taken by the test taker
- transforming the responses of the test taker so that they are scorable
- meaningfully interpreting the test data
test takers have the right to
- know why they are being evaluated
- how the test data will be used
- what (if any) info will be released to whom
rights of the test takers
- right to informed consent
- right to be informed of test findings
- right to privacy and confidentiality
- right to the least stigmatizing label
examples of groups that may not have the capacity or competency to provide informed consent
dementia, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia
who can provide consent if the client cannot?
parent or a legal representative
people who are/can be considered legal guardians
- parents
- intermediate family
- longest person client has lived with
- DSWD
when is informed consent not needed
- when client does not have mental capacity
- minor
- for annual assessment
- subpoenaed by the court
what should the informed consent contain
- what are the tests/what will you do to them
- what are the limits of privacy and confidentiality
- to whom can the results be shared with
- who will assess, when is the assessment, and how much
- how long is the validity of the result
the informed consent is for the protection of the _____ and the _____
assessor ; client
how long should a person be living with the client for them to be considered as a legal guardian
at least 6 months to 5 years
components of competency
- being able to evidence a choice as to whether one wants to participate; right to withdraw
- demonstrating a factual understanding of the issues
- being able to reason about the facts of a study, treatment, or whatever it is to which consent is sought
- appreciating the nature of the situation
true or false: the legal guardian is required to know the results even if the client is of legal age
false; unless the client explicitly says that the legal guardian can know or unless the client is inflicting harm on themselves, the legal guardian is not required to know
information provided by clients to psychologists
privileged information
true or false: privilege is not absolute
true
true or false: privilege is absolute
false: privilege is NOT absolute
right of the client not to disclose any info that they don’t want to disclose
privacy
right of the client to keep the info just until the assessor
confidentiality
differentiate privacy and confidentiality
- privacy: client can choose not to disclose info that they don’t want to disclose
- confidentiality: client has the right to keep the info just until the assessor
client transfers emotions to the therapist
transference
