Chapter 11: personality Flashcards
An individual’s unique constellation of psychological traits that is relatively stable over time
a. personality
b. personality assessment
c. personality trait
a. personality
The measurement and evaluation of psychological traits, states, values, interests, attitudes, worldview, acculturation, sense of humor, cognitive and
behavioral styles, and/or related individual characteristics
a. personality
b. personality assessment
c. personality trait
b. personality assessment
“Any distinguishable, relatively enduring way
in which one individual varies from another”
a. personality
b. personality assessment
c. personality trait
c. personality trait
argued that most
people can be categorized as one
of six personality types; Developed the Self-Directed Search test
John Holland
a self-administered and
self-scored aid to offer vocational assistance
Self-Directed Search test
personality characterized by competitiveness, haste, restlessness, impatience, feelings of being time-pressured, and strong needs for achievement and dominance
Type A personality
personality that is mellow or laid-back
Type B personality
A narrative description of the extent to which a person has demonstrated certain personality traits, states, or types
personality profile
The transitory exhibition of some personality
trait, a relatively temporary predisposition
personality state
Aspects of personality could be explored in
- Identifying determinants of knowledge about health
- Categorizing different types of commitment in intimate relationships.
- Determining peer response to a team’s weakest link
- Identifying those prone to terrorism in the service of national defense
- Tracking trait development over time
- Studying some uniquely human characteristic such as moral judgment
One’s attitudes, beliefs, opinions, and related thoughts about oneself
Self-concept
very common when exploring an assessee’s self-concept
Self-report methods
The degree to which a person has different
self-concepts in different roles
Self-concept differentiation
T or F: In some situations, the best available method for assessment of personality and/or behavior involves a third party (e.g., a parent,
teacher, or spouse)
true
A tendency to respond to a test item or interview
question in some characteristic manner regardless of the content of the item or question
Response style
The attempt to manipulate others’ impressions through “the selective exposure of
some information…coupled with suppression of [other] information
Impression management
T or F: Response styles can affect the validity of the outcome and can be countered through the use of a validity scale
true
A subscale of a test designed to assist in
judgments regarding how honestly the test taker responded and whether responses were products of response style, carelessness, deception, or misunderstanding
Validity scale
Aspects of the focus
of exploration such as the time frame (the past, present, or future) as well as other contextual issues that involve people, places, and events
Frame of reference
An assessment technique in which the task is to sort a group of statements, usually in perceived rank order ranging from most to least descriptive
Q-sort technique
Characterized by efforts to learn how a limited
number of personality traits can be applied to all people
a. Nomothetic approach
b. Idiographic approach
c. Normative approach
d. Ipsative approach
a. Nomothetic approach
Characterized by efforts to learn about each individual’s unique constellation of personality traits
a. Nomothetic approach
b. Idiographic approach
c. Normative approach
d. Ipsative approach
b. Idiographic approach
A test taker’s responses and the presumed strength of a measured trait are interpreted relative to the strength of
that trait in a sample of a larger population
a. Nomothetic approach
b. Idiographic approach
c. Normative approach
d. Ipsative approach
c. Normative approach
A test taker’s responses and the presumed
strength of measured traits are interpreted relative to the strength of
measured traits for that same individual
a. Nomothetic approach
b. Idiographic approach
c. Normative approach
d. Ipsative approach
d. Ipsative approach
T or F: Personality assessment that relies exclusively on self-report is vulnerable to false outcomes
true
The use of logic and reason in the development of test items is sometimes referred to as
the content or content-oriented approach to
test development
a measure of five major dimensions of personality and 30 facets that define each dimension (extraversion, neuroticism, openness, agreeableness, and
conscientiousness)
The Revised NEO Personality Inventory
A standard on which a judgment or decision can be made
Criterion
A reference group of test takers who share specific
characteristics and whose responses to test items serve as a standard
according to which items will be included or discarded from the final
version of a scale
Criterion group
The process of using criterion groups to develop test items
Empirical criterion keying
An ongoing process
by which an individual’s thoughts, behaviors, values, worldview, and
identity develop in relation to the thinking, behavior, customs, and
values of a particular cultural group
Acculturation
Guiding principles to help one attain some objective (example: honesty and ambition)
Instrumental values
Guiding principles and a mode of behavior that is an endpoint objective (example: a comfortable life and a sense of
accomplishment)
Terminal values
