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BIO 201 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

BIOLOGY

A

the study of life

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2
Q

Chemical connection to Biology?

A

all living organisms reg. chemistry

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3
Q

Organisms are composed of…

A

MATTER

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4
Q

MATTER

A

anything that takes up space and has mass

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5
Q

Matter is made up of…

A

ELEMENTS

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6
Q

ELEMENT

A

a substance that cannot be broken down to other substance by chemical reactions

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7
Q

COMPOUND

A

a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio

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8
Q

REACTANT

A

substance that partakes in a chemical reaction

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9
Q

PRODUCT

A

substance that is made from a chemical reaction

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10
Q

ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS

A

a chemical element required for an organism to survive, grow, and reproduce.

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11
Q

96% OF LIVING MASS IS MADE UP OF….

A

Carbon (C)
Hydrogen (H)
Oxygen (O)
Nitrogen (N)

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12
Q

4% REMAINING MASSES

A

Calcium (Ca)
Phosphorus (P)
Potassium (K)
Sulfur (S)

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13
Q

TRACE ELEMENTS

A

an element indispensable fro life but required in extremely minute amounts.

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14
Q

ATOM

A

smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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15
Q

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

A

Neutron
Proton
Electron

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16
Q

NEUTRAL/ NO CHARGE

A

NEUTRON

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17
Q

POSTIVE CHARGE

A

PROTON

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18
Q

ELECTRON

A

NEGATIVE

19
Q

What subatomic particles are measured in DALTONS?

A

NEUTONS & ELECTRONS

20
Q

What forms a cloud or orbital?

A

ELECTRON

21
Q

What forms an atomic nucleus?

A

NETURONS & PROTONES

22
Q

What does a proton determine?

A

the element

23
Q

What does a neutron determine?

A

isotope

24
Q

What does an electron determine?

A

chemical behavior

25
Q

ATOMIC NUMBER

A

the # of protons in the nucleus

26
Q

ATOMIC MASS

A

mass of an atom (found on the PT)

27
Q

MASS NUMBER

A

total number of protons and neutrons

28
Q

ENERGY

A

the capacity to cause change

29
Q

POTENTIAL ENERGY

A

the energy that matter has because of its stucture

30
Q

ELECTRON SHELL

A

an electrons state of potential energy

31
Q

CHEMICAL BONDS

A

An attraction between two atoms, resulting in the sharing of the outer valence shell electrons. the bond completed forms a completed outer electron shell.

32
Q

COVALENT BOND

A

a chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons.

33
Q

MOLECULE

A

the form of two or more atoms held together by a covalent bond.

34
Q

SINGLE BOND

A

a single covalent bond; the sharing of a pair of valance electrons by two atoms.

35
Q

DOUBLE BOND

A

a double covalent bond; the sharing of two pairs of electrons by two atoms.

36
Q

VALENCE

A

the ability of an atom to combine with other atoms, measured by the number of electrons it will lose, add, or share.

37
Q

ELECTRONEGATIVITY

A

the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond.

38
Q

NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDS

A

a type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativity.

39
Q

POLAR COVALENT BOND

A

a type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electonegatitve atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive.

40
Q

IONIC BOND

A

a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charge ions

41
Q

ANION

A

a negatively charged ion

42
Q

CATION

A

a positively charged ion

43
Q

IONS

A

an atom or group of atoms that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge.

44
Q

IONIC COMPOUNDS

A

a compound resulting from the formation of an ionic bond; also known as salt.

BIO 201 (5 decks)

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