Chapter 2

Question 1

Ecumene

Answer 1

inhabited land

Question 2

Arable land

Answer 2

land that can be used to grow crops

Question 3

population pyramid

Answer 3

show the age and sex demographics of a particular country, city, or neighborhood

Question 4

Dependency ratio

Answer 4

the percentage of people within a population who are either too young or too old to work and must therefore be supported by the labor of working adults within that population.

Question 5

pro-natalist

Answer 5

the policy or practice of encouraging the bearing of children, especially government support of a higher birthrate.

Question 6

anti-natalist

Answer 6

Concerned with limiting population growth.

Question 7

life expectancy

Answer 7

refers to the average number of years to be lived by a group of people born in the same year, if mortality at each age remains constant.

Question 8

demographic transition model

Answer 8

a tool demographers use to categorize countries’ population growth rates and economic structures.

Question 9

crude birth rate

Answer 9

the number of live births occurring during a year per every 1,000 people in a given population in a given year.

Question 10

crude death rate

Answer 10

the ratio of the number of deaths yearly per 1,000 people in a given population

Question 11

rate of natural increase

Answer 11

a measure of how quickly a population is growing or declining

Question 12

“One Child Policy”

Answer 12

promotes people to have less children

Question 13

carrying capacity

Answer 13

The ability of the land to sustain a certain number of people.

Question 14

Malthusian Theory

Answer 14

the idea that exponential increases in the population growth would surpass arithmetical increases in the food supply and lead to widespread famine.

Question 15

Immigration

Answer 15

the movement of people to another country for permanent settlement

Question 16

Emigration

Answer 16

leaving one country to move to another

Question 17

Push Factor

Answer 17

something that encourages an individual to migrate away from a certain place

Question 18

Pull factor

Answer 18

positive factors that attract people to new areas from other areas

Question 19

Intervening Obstacle

Answer 19

an environmental or cultural feature that hinders migration.

Question 20

Intervening opportunity

Answer 20

a feature (usually economic) that causes a migrant to choose a destination other than his original one

Question 21

Ravensteins laws

Answer 21

Most migrants move only a short distance. There is a process of absorption, whereby people immediately surrounding a rapidly growing town move into it and the gaps they leave are filled by migrants from more distant areas, and so on until the attractive force [pull factors] is spent.

Question 22

Chain migration

Answer 22

occurs when individuals from within a community follow the path of a previous group or individual within the community and emigrate to a new region.

Question 23

brain drain

Answer 23

the collective loss of skills, education, training, and wealth that occurs when highly-skilled and educated people move away from a country

Question 24

refugee

Answer 24

people that are forced to migrate because of a threat to their life and cannot return for fear of persecution

Question 25

internally displaced person

Answer 25

Someone Who Has Been Forced To Migrate For Similar Political Reasons As A Refugee But Has Not Crossed An International Border Example If Someone Flees From Eastern Congo To Western Congo They Are An Internally Displaced Person