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ANIMAL SCIENCE > CHAPTER 2 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

refer to the science that deals with
the form and structure of all
organisms.

A

ANATOMY

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2
Q

used in reference to
features of the head
to mean toward
the nose

A

ROSTRAL

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3
Q

toward the head.

A

CRANIAL

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4
Q

Toward or relatively near the
back and corresponding surface
of the head, neck, and tail; on
the limbs it applies to the upper
or front surface of the carpus,
tarsus, metapodium, and digits

A

DORSAL

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5
Q

Means toward
the tail.

A

CAUDAL

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6
Q

means away from
the vertebral
column or toward
the midabdominal
wall

A

VENTRA

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7
Q

plantar refers to the
caudal surface

A

PLANTAR

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8
Q

refers to the flexor or caudal surface.

A

PLAMAR

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9
Q

means relatively
close to a given
part, usually the
vertebral column,
body, or center of
gravity

A

PROXIMAL

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10
Q

means farther from
the vertebral
column, and like
proximal, it is
generally used in
reference to portions
of an extremity

A

DISTRAL

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11
Q

A surface, real or imaginary, along which
any two points can be connected by a
straight line.

A

PLANES

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12
Q

divides the body
into cranial and
caudal segments

A

TRANSVERSE

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13
Q

Also called as coronal
plane. It divides a body
into dorsal (back) and
ventral (front) parts.

A

FRONTAL

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14
Q

towards the midline
plane that separates
right and left sides of the
body

A

MEDIAL

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15
Q

is the antonym of medial;
it means away from the
median plane
.

A

LATERAL

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16
Q

is an imaginary plane
passing through the body so
as to divide the body into
equal right and left halves
.

A

MEDIAN PLANE

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17
Q

any plane parallel to the
median plane. The median
plane is sometimes called
the midsagittal plane.

A

SAGITTAL

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18
Q

The central line of the body or
any of its parts.
the functional axis of the limb
passes between the third and
fourth digits.

A

AXIS

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19
Q

surface of the digit faces
the axis.

A

AXIAL

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20
Q

surface faces
away from the axis.

A

ABAXIAL

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21
Q

The movement of one
bone in relation to
another in such a manner
that the angle formed at
their joint is reduced. The
limb is retracted or folded;
the digit is bent; the back
is arched dorsally.

A

FLEXION

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22
Q

The movement of one bone
upon another such that the
angle formed at their joint
increases. The limb reaches
out or is extended; the digit
is straightened; the back is
straightened. Extension
beyond 180 degrees is
overextension.

A

EXTENSION

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23
Q

The
movement of
a part
away from the
median plane
.

A

ABDUCTION

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24
Q

The
movement of
a part
toward the median
plane
.

A

ADDUCTION

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25
Q

The movement of
a
part when outlining
the surface of
a cone

A

CIRCUMDUCTION

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26
Q

The
movement of
a part
around its long axis

A

ROTATION

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27
Q

when the tail is
shortened.

A

DOCKING

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28
Q

send motor commands from the
brain to the body, send sensory
information from the body to the
brain, and coordinate reflexes.

A

SPINAL CORD

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29
Q

Controls the rapid
activities of the body such as
muscular contraction ,
secretions of some endocrine
glands , heart rate, respiration,
gastro-intestinal motility, and
etc

A

NERVOUSE SYSTEM

30
Q

Specialize in impulse conduction
or the relay of message from the
effector organs to the nervous
system and vice-versa.

A

NERVES

31
Q

The brain is a complex
organ that controls
thought, memory,
emotion, touch, motor
skills, vision, breathing,
temperature, hunger and
every process that
regulates our body

A

BRAIN

32
Q

RELAYS INFORMATION TO AND FROM THE SKIN AND SKELETAL MUSCLES

A

SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

33
Q

BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

34
Q

NERVES

A

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

35
Q

RELAYS INFORMATION TO INTERNAL ORGANS

A

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

36
Q

CONTROLS ORGANS IN TIMES OF STRESS

A

SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEMS

37
Q

CONTROLS ORGANS WHEN AT REST

A

PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

38
Q

receive stimulus and carries it impulses
toward the cell body

A

DENDRITES

39
Q

acts as a reservoir of biological
instructions which are required to synthesize
proteins in a neuron.

A

NUCLEUS

40
Q

contains genetic information, maintains
the neuron’s structure, and provides energy to drive
activities

A

CELL BODY

41
Q

fiber which carries impulses away from cell
body.

A

AXON

42
Q

cells which produce myelin or fat
layer in the Peripheral Nervous System

A

SCHWAN CELLS

43
Q

dense lipid layer which insulates the
axon – makes the axon look gray

A

MYELIN SHEATH

44
Q

gaps or nodes in the myelin sheath

A

NODE OF RANVIER

45
Q

bring messages to CNS

A

SENSORY NEURONS

46
Q

carry messages from CNS

A

MOTOR NEURONS

47
Q

between sensory & motor
neurons in the CNS

A

INTERNEURONS

48
Q

SENSATION

A

AFFERENT NEURONS

49
Q

DECISION

A

CENTRAL NERVOUS

50
Q

REACTION

A

EFFERENT NERVOUS

51
Q

coordination of movement and
aspects of motor learning

A

CERREBELUM

52
Q

conscious activity including perception,
emotion, thought, and planning

A

CEREBRUM

53
Q

filters and then
relays information to various brain regions

A

THALAMUS

54
Q

– vital reflexes as heartbeat and respiration

A

MEDULA

55
Q

medulla, pons, and midbrain
(involuntary responses) and relays information from
spine to upper brain

A

BRAINSTEM

56
Q

involved in regulating activities
internal organs, monitoring information from the
autonomic nervous system, controlling the pituitary
gland and its hormones, and regulating sleep and
appetite

A

HYPOTHALAMUS

57
Q

BASIC FUNCTIONS ARE COMMUNICATION AND REGULATION

A

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

58
Q

Inhibits the release of the prolactin

A

DOPAMINE

59
Q

Stimulates thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) release

A

THYROTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE

60
Q

STIMULATES OVULATION

A

LUTIENIZING HORMONE

61
Q

STIMULATES UTERINE CONTRACTION

A

OXYTOCIN

62
Q

PROMOTES LACTATION

A

PROLACTIN

63
Q

CONSIST OF HEART, BLOOD, AND BLOOD VESSELS

A

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

64
Q
A

SYSTOLE

65
Q

aortic arterial pressure
falls to its lowest point

A

DIASTOLE

66
Q

the valve on the right

A

TRICUSPID

67
Q

the valve on the left

A

BICUSPID

68
Q

the blood vessel that carries
oxygenated blood away from the heart

A

ARTERY

69
Q

carries unoxygenated blood black to
the heart

A

VEIN

70
Q

the smallest blood vessels,
connect the arteries and the veins

A

CAPILLARIES

71
Q

carries unoxygenated
blood from the right ventricle into the lungs

A

PULMONARY ARTERY

72
Q

carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

A

PULMONARY VIENS

ANIMAL SCIENCE (2 decks)

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