Chapter 2

Question 1

The observable characteristics of a character

Answer 1

phenotype

Question 2

The genetic makeup of an individual

Answer 2

genotype

Question 3

A gene variant; one of two or more alternative forms of a gene

Answer 3

allele

Question 4

A recombination of genes during cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that involves sections of one chromosome crossing over and swapping positions with sections of the homologous chromosome

Answer 4

genetic recombination

Question 5

The depiction of phylogeny by using branching tree like diagrams

Answer 5

phylogenetic tree

Question 6

The process whereby different populations or species converge on the same phenotypic characteristics as a result of similar natural selection pressures

Answer 6

convergent evolution

Question 7

The proportion of variance in a trait that is due to genetic variance

Answer 7

heritability

Question 8

Lifetime reproductive success usually measured in relative terms

Answer 8

fitness

Question 9

A trait that results in the highest fitness among a specified set of behaviors in a particular environment. They are typically the result of the process of natural selection

Answer 9

adaptations

Question 10

Any change in genetic structure

Answer 10

mutation

Question 11

Traits that are shared by two or more species as a result of common descent

Answer 11

homology

Question 12

A trait that is present in two or more species but that is not due to common decent but rather results from natural selection acting independently on each species

Answer 12

homoplasy

Question 13

Traits that are similar as a result of similar selection pressures rather than common descent

Answer 13

analogies

Question 14

The movement of organisms over long distances often in a seasonal manner

Answer 14

migration