Chapter 2 Flashcards
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Agricultural density
The ratio of the number of farmers to be a total amount of land suitable for agriculture
Census
A complete enumeration of a population
Crude birth rate
The total number of live births in a year for every 1000 people live in the society
Crude death rate
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 people alive in the society
Demographic transition
Process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth rate and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population
Demography
The scientific study of populations characteristics
Dependency ratio
The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in labor force
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemiologic transition
Distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiology
The branch of medical science concerned with the incidents, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population of a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locally
Industrial revolution
A series of improvements in an industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Infant mortality rate
The total number of deaths in the year among infants under one year of age for every 1000 live births in the society
Life expectancy
The average number of years and individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infants can expect to live
Medical revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffuse to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improves to medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poor countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives
Natural increase rate
The percentage growth of a population in the year, computed as the crude birth rate minus death rate
Overpopulation
A situation in which the number of people in the area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population
Physiological density
he number of people per unit of the area of arable land which is suitable for agriculture
Population pyramid
A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex.
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females and the population.
Total fertilty rate
The average number of children a woman will have through out childbearing years.
Zero population growth
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equal zero.
