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Social 20 > Chapter 2/13 > Flashcards

Chapter 2/13 Flashcards

1
Q

Historical factors that shaped nationalism during the French Revolution

A
  • monarchy pushing the country deep into debt
  • years of high taxes
  • succession of bad harvests
  • age of enlightenment
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2
Q

Social factors that shaped nationalism during the French Revolution

A
  • the inequality between the 3 estates
  • important jobs only given to nobility
  • monarchy lived like gods while commoners barely survived
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3
Q

Economic factors that shaped nationalism during the French Revolution

A
  • years of warfare left France with little money
  • the third estate paid all the taxes
  • the queen lived very extravagantly and wasted people’s taxes
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4
Q

Geographic factors that shaped nationalism during the French Revolution

A
  • a hard winter ruined crops and cut off the rest of France from Paris
  • the kings palace was outside of the capitol
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5
Q

Political factors that shaped nationalism during the French Revolution

A
  • absolute monarchy

- people did not have a lot of control over their own affairs

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6
Q

Fundamental causes of the French Revolution

A
  • deep roots in the past
  • old regime
  • absolute monarchy
  • social order
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7
Q

Immediate causes of the French Revolution

A
  • crop failures

- financial crisis

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8
Q

Old regime

A

French society prior to the French Revolution

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9
Q

Absolute monarchy

A
  • King Louis XVI
  • Queen Marie Antoinette
  • divine right to rule
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10
Q

First estate

A
  • Roman Catholic clergy
  • 0.5% of the population
  • owned 10% of the land in France
  • paid no taxes(paid voluntary contribution every 5 years)
  • collected tithes from all citizens
  • responsible for education, record keeping, the poor, and hospitals
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11
Q

Second estate

A
  • nobility(aristocracy)
  • 1.5% of the population
  • owned 25% of land in France
  • exempt from most taxes
  • exclusive hunting and fishing
  • access to higher positions in army, church, and gov’t
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12
Q

Third estate

A

-everyone else(commoners)
-98% of the population
•peasants 85%
•urban workers
•Bourgeoisie-business owners and
professionals
-heavily taxed (corvée, taille, salt tax)
• 70% of income paid to taxes

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13
Q

Palace of Versailles

A
  • royal palace where monarchy lived

- located about 12 miles outside of Paris(capitol city)

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14
Q

Jacques Necker

A
  • finance minister
  • proposed tax reform
  • needed support of all 3 estates
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15
Q

Estates General

A
  • ancient French law making body
  • first estate-300 representatives and 1 vote
  • second estate-300 representatives and 1 vote
  • third estate-600 representatives and 1 vote
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16
Q

National Assembly

A

-created by third estate
•unhappy with the voting in the
Estates General
-invited first and second estate to join them
-locked out of meeting hall
-Tennis Court Oath

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17
Q

Tennis Court Oath

A
  • promise made by the National Assembly

- NA would not disband until they had written a constitution

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18
Q

Camille Desmoulins

A

-encouraged the people to take up arms

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19
Q

Bastille

A
  • old fortress used as prison

- July 14, 1789 it was attacked and destroyed* marks the start of the revolution

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20
Q

Joseph Lafayette

A

-appointed commander of National Guard

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21
Q

August Decrees

A
  • decrees of the National Assembly
  • 19 decrees abolishing all privileges
  • everyone pays taxes
  • church ceased right to collect tithes
  • all males eligible for any office in civil and military service
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22
Q

Declaration of the Rights of Man

A
  • all men are born and remain free and equal in rights
  • King refused to sign
  • troops reassembled
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23
Q

March on Versailles

A
  • 5000-6000 March on Versailles

- demand bread, recognition of Declaration of the Rights of Man, royal family move to the Tuileries Palace in Paris

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24
Q

Assignats

A

-money

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25
Q

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

A
  • clergy placed under state control
  • required to swear loyalty to France
  • clergy elected and paid by the state
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26
Q

Flight to Varennes

A

-royal families failed attempt to flee France

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27
Q

Constitution of 1791

A

-separation of powers
-executive branch
•constitutional monarchy
•king received a limited veto
-vote given to all active citizens(about 2/3 of the population)
-legislative branch
•National Assembly(replaced by the Legislative Assembly)

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28
Q

Legislative Assembly

A

-Replaced the National Assembly

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29
Q

Girondins

A

-wanted change but didn’t want the king dead

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30
Q

Jacobin

A
  • radicals
  • led by Maximilian Robespierre
  • were leaders of France during the Reign of Terror
31
Q

Sans Culottes

A

-urban workers

32
Q

Brunswick Manifesto

A
  • warning to Paris

- rallies the French

33
Q

La Marseillaise

A

-Frances national anthem

34
Q

Liberté, Equalité, Fraternité

A
  • Frances official motto

- Liberty, equality, brotherhood

35
Q

Tricolor

A

-Frances flag

36
Q

Revolutionary Tribunal

A
  • tried crimes against the Revolution
  • ultimately no defence
  • 1 sentence-death via guillotine
37
Q

Guillotine

A

-what was used to execute everyone during the French Revolution

38
Q

Insurrectionary Commune

A
  • led by George Jaques Danton
  • led an attack on the Tuileries Palace
  • royal family placed under arrest
39
Q

George Jacques Danton

A
  • leader of the Revolution
  • member of the Jacobin club
  • led an attack on the Tuileries Palace
40
Q

September massacres

A
  • 1200 prisoners massacred

- encouraged by Jean Paul Marat

41
Q

Jean Paul Marat

A
  • wrote and edited “The People’s Friend”
  • always called for more “heads to roll”
  • was assassinated by Charlotte Corday
42
Q

Charlotte Corday

A
  • assassinated Jean Paul Marat

- felt the Revolution had gone to far

43
Q

National Convention

A
  • replaced the legislative assembly
  • monarchy abolished
  • Louis Capet (King Louis XVI) put on trial for treason
  • universal male suffrage(right to vote)
44
Q

Committee of Public Safety

A
  • 12 member executive body

- led by Maximilian Robespierre

45
Q

Levée en Masse

A

-mandatory military service

46
Q

Law of suspects

A

-if you were suspected of loyalty to the monarchy you could be tried and ultimately executed

47
Q

Reign of Terror

A

-thousands of executions

48
Q

Changes to France by the National Convention

A
  • French Republic- Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood
  • metric system
  • long pants/simple dresses
  • “citizen”
  • National system of education
  • new calendar
49
Q

Rise of Napoleon

A

-born in Corsica
-Lieutenant in the Royal Army
-General
-Coup D’état
•First Consul
•First Consul for life
-Emperor

50
Q

Napoleons Domestic Policies: Bank of France

A

-to ease financial crisis

51
Q

Napoleons Domestic Policies: Tax reform

A
  • fair assessment
  • no tax exemptions
  • tax collection heavily regulated
52
Q

Napoleons Domestic Policies: Concordat

A
  • sought reconciliation with the church
  • church recognized as official religion of France
  • some control given back to the Papacy
53
Q

Napoleons Domestic Policies: Napoleonic Law Code

A 
-Civil Rights
     •equality under and before the law
     •occupations based on merit
     •men the absolute ruler in the home
-property rights
54
Q

Napoleons Domestic Policies: Lycées

A
  • high schools

- importance of obedience and military values

55
Q

Napoleons Domestic Policies: Public Works

A

-paved roads
-canals
-bridges
-monuments
•Arc de Triomphe
•Vendôme Column

56
Q

Napoleons Foreign Policies: Britain

A

-Isolate and defeat Britain
-Continental System
•Napoleons attempt to defeat Britain
economically
•Economic embargo of British goods to
continental Europe
•British response
-smuggling
-orders in council(trade partners could not
trade with France)
-Britain more successful than France

57
Q

Napoleons invasion of Russia

A
  • russia used a scorched earth policy(destroy everything in their path) thus leaving Napoleon with no resources
  • 30000 of the 500000 soldiers returned to France
58
Q

Napoleon: Battle of the Nations

A
  • deafeated by Britain, Austria, Russia, and Prussia

- Napoleon abdicated and exiled to Elba

59
Q

Hundred days

A

-napoleons return to power

60
Q

Battle of Waterloo

A
  • defeated by Britain( led by Duke of Wellington) and Prussia
  • Napoleon abdicates and exiled to st. Helena
61
Q

Shared memories

A 
Events that bind a nation together
France
-attack on the Bastille
-rallying cry (liberty, Equality, Brotherhood)
-National Anthem (Marseillaise)
-Sans-Culottes
-Tricolor
-Napoleon
62
Q

Visions of Canada: Geography

A
  • vastness
  • ruggedness
  • climate
63
Q

Visions of Canada: One Canada

A
  • Canadian unity

- from sea to sea

64
Q

Visions of Canada: Pluralistic (2 or more)

A

-multicultural
•cultural diversity
•civic nation
-bilingual

65
Q

Visions of Canada: Nations within a Nation

A
  • federal/provincial governments
  • First Nations
  • Quebecois
66
Q

Upper Canada

A

-Mainly Anglophone

67
Q

Lower Canada

A

-Mainly Francophone

68
Q

Canada West

A
  • part of the province of Canada
  • mainly anglophone
  • tried to assimilate the French into British culture
69
Q

Canada East

A
  • part of the province of Canada

- mainly francophone

70
Q

Canada West and East

A
  • one legislative assembly
  • equal reps. from west and east
  • population of east much greater
  • English only language of the legislature
71
Q

Confederation

A

-British North America act
•Canada created
•included Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick
•federal system created-2 levels of government

72
Q

Francophone Challenges

A

-Battle of the Plains of Abraham

73
Q

Immigration challenges

A

-Chinese Immigration Act
•restrict and regulate Chinese immigration into Canada
•50$ head tax
•1900-100$ head tax
•1904-500$ head tax
•1923- virtually all immigration from China was banned
-black immigration discouraged(banned for one year in 1911)(not suitable for climate)

74
Q

Aboriginal challenges

A

-Indian act
•designed to encourage assimilation
•gave feds control over every aspect
of the lives of FNs
•denied full citizenship unless treaty rights given
up
•amended many times; rarely with FNs
consultation
-Canada Act
•First Nations rights entrenched in the
constitution

Social 20 (2 decks)

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