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Oral Pathology- blake > chapter 2 > Flashcards

chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

anodontia

A

zero teeth

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2
Q

hypodontia

A

too few teeth

-uncommon in deciduous dentition, but common in permanent dentition

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3
Q

what syndromes are associated with hypodontia?

A
  • downs
  • Crouzon
  • ectodermal dysplasia,
  • ehlers-danlos
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4
Q

hyperdontia

A

too many teeth (supernumerary teeth)

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5
Q

what is the most common hyperdontia?

A

Mesiodens (between 8-9)

followed by distomolar=4th molar, paramolar

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6
Q

hyperdontia is often associated with what syndroms?

A
  • Apert
  • Cleidocranial dysplasia
  • Crouzon
  • gardner
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7
Q

what are the most common areas of hypodontia?

A

3rd molars 20-23%
2nd premolars
then lateral incisors

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8
Q

hypodontia is more common in what sex and what is the ratio?

A

more common in females, 1.5:1

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9
Q

hyperdontia is more common in what sex and what is the ratio?

A

males, 2:1 ratio

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10
Q

which arch is more affected by hyperdontia?

A

maxilla

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11
Q

natal teeth

A

teeth present at, or soon after, birth

  • prematurely erupted deciduous teeth
  • only remove if extremely mobile or causing traumatic ulcerations (Riga-Fede disease. ie the teeth makes ulcerations on infants tongue and moms breast)
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12
Q

which are the most common natal teeth?

A

mandibular incisors and maxillary incisors

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13
Q

Microdontia

A
  • small teeth
  • more common in females
  • diffuse (heredity, down, dwarfism) is rare
  • isolated is common “peg laterals” then 3rd molars
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14
Q

macrodontia

A
  • more common in males
  • diffuse (heredity, gigantism) is rare
  • Isolated is also rare
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15
Q

Gemination

A

attempt of a single tooth bud to divide into two

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16
Q

fusion

A

union of two normally separated tooth buds into one

-bifid crown with separate root canals

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17
Q

concrescence

A

union of two adjacent teeth by their cementum

  • occurs after development, secondary to inflammation, trauma or nearness during eruption
  • often occurs in maxillary molar area
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18
Q

accessory cusps

A
  • cusp of carabelli (ML cusp of 1st max)
  • talon cusp
  • dens envaginatus
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19
Q

talon cusp

A

cingulum enlargement on maxillary incisors

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20
Q

dens envaginatus (dens in Dente)

A

central tubercles on mandibular premolars

  • deep invagination of the crown into itself
  • most common affected teeth are permanent lateral incisors
  • needs to be restored quickly or caries and pulpal pathosis will occur
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21
Q

ectopic enamel

A
  • presence of enamel in unusual location
  • “enamel pearls” are on the root surface, usually maxillary molars
  • “cervical enamel extensions” are from CEJ into furcation, usually mandibular molars
22
Q

Taurodontism

A

enlargement of the pulp chamber with increased occlusal-aplical dimensions

  • resembles the pulp of a bull-“tauro”
  • no treatment necessary
23
Q

Hypercementosis

A
  • non-neoplastic excessive cementum on the root
  • Usually in adulthood and may be the result of trauma, infection or lack of occlusion
  • PDL surround the hypercementosis
  • may be seen in Acromegaly, arthritis, paget’s disease and others
24
Q

Dilaceration

A
  • abnormal bend in the root

- possible due to injury to the tooth bud

25
Q

supernumerary roots

A

abnormal number of roots on a tooth

26
Q

developmental abnormalities:

A
  • amelogenesis imperfecta (AI)
  • dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI)
  • Dentin dysplasia
  • Regional Odontodysplasia
27
Q

Amelogenesis Imperfecta

A
  • “enamel formed imperfectly”
  • 14 different hereditary subtypes exist, thus a lot of variety in appearance
  • problem can occur during the enamel matrix phase, the mineralization phase, or the maturation phase
  • therefore classified as hypoplastic AI, Hypocalicifed AI, hypomaturation AI
28
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • autosomal dominant
  • hereditary opalesent dentin
  • increased water content and lack of D-E scalloping
  • thus the enamel does not stay attached and the exposed dentin wears away quickly
  • both deciduous and permanent dentitions are affected
29
Q

types of dentinogenesis imperfecta

A
  • Type I: associated with osteogenesis imperfecta
  • type II: known as hereditary opalesent dentin
  • type III: known as shell teeth or bradywine type
30
Q

what do the radiographs look like for DI?

A
  • bulbous crown, cervical constriction, thin roots, and early obliteration of the root canals and pulp chambers (won’t see a pulp canal)
  • root fractures are common
31
Q

what else should you check for in a patient with DI

A

Osteogenesis imperfecta

  • look for a blue sclera
  • ask if they have had any long bone fractures, they will have a history of fractures
  • differentiate between type 1,2, and 3
32
Q

dentin dysplasia

A
  • Type 1 (“radicular dentin dysplasia”; rootless teeth): crown enamel and dentin are normal but root is short and malformed, Root will stop forming, or decrease its formation
  • Type 2 (“Coronal dentin dysplasia”): pulp stones in enlarged pulp chambers. I think he said something about “lava”
33
Q

Regional odontodysplasia, “ghost teeth”

-where?

A
  • NOT HEREDITARY
  • localized abnormality of tooth possibly due to vascular problem during development
  • maxillary anterior segment is common
  • “teeth” are conglomerates of enamel and dentin
34
Q

ameloblasts are sensitive to insults during…

A

matrix formation, mineralization and maturation

35
Q

when does the deciduous dentition develop?

A

develops from 14th week of gestation thru one year after birth

36
Q

if there is a short lived insult during development of deciduous and permanent teeth, what occurs?

A

-only a small horizontal band of ameloblasts are injured

37
Q

when does permanent dentition develop?

A

from 6 months thru age 15

38
Q

childhood fever

A
  • if you look hard enough, 68% of children will have some degree of defect. about 3.6 teeth per individual
  • presents as horizontal rows of pits, bilaterally symmetric and correspond to the stage of development at the time of insult: 0-2 years affects anterior teeth and 1st molars; 4-5 yrs affects cuspids, bicuspids and 2nd molars
39
Q

enamel hypoplasia

A

-secondary to A childhood Fevrile Illness

40
Q

Turner’s tooth

A
  • enamel defects in the permanent teeth due to periapical infection of the overlying deciduous tooth, or trauma.
  • hypoplasia varies based on timing, duration and severity of the insult
41
Q

where is turner’s tooth most commonly found?

A

in the bicuspids, followed by the anterior teeth
-may also be caused by trauma rather than infection. In these cases, the most commonly affected teeth are the maxillary central incisors.

42
Q

Dental fluorosis

A
  • ingestion of excess amounts of fluoride in drinking water (>4ppm), pediatric vitamins, toothpastes, etc
  • defects are dose dependent.
  • affected teeth appear lusterless, white with white/brown flecks
43
Q

syphilitic hypoplasia

A
  • congenital syphilis is the transmission of the Treponema organisms across the placenta to infect the developing fetus
  • incisors and 1st molars are affected and misshapen
44
Q

hutchinson’s triad
hutchinson’s teeth
interstitial keratitis
eighth nerve deafness

A

associated with congenital syphilis

-mulberry molars

45
Q

how would you correct environmental structural defects?

A
  • acid etched composite resins
  • labial veneers
  • full crowns
46
Q

attrition

A

-the loss of tooth structure caused by tooth to tooth contact

47
Q

abrasion

A

pathologic loss of tooth structure secondary to external abrasive agents: tooth brushing with abrasive “whitening toothpastes”, tobacco, excessive flossing…

48
Q

how can you know if the staining is from tetracycline?

A

shows a bright yellow fluorescence under UV light exposure

49
Q

what are the types of intrinsic staining?

A
  • tetracycline

- minocycline

50
Q

what is minocycline?

A
  • prescribed for acne
  • can discolor teeth, bone and soft tissue
  • causes a blue-gray discoloration
51
Q

ankylosis

A
  • fusion of cementum or dentin to the alveolar bone
  • abrupt cessation of eruption
  • most commonly seen in children and with the primary first molar
  • will cause infraocclusion (submerged)
  • CLINICALLY will make a SHARP, SOLID SOUND on percussion.

Oral Pathology- blake (6 decks)

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