Chapter 2

Question 1

What is evolutionary perspective?

Answer 1

• natural selection and adaptive behavior

Question 2

Fertilization:

Answer 2

A stage in reproduction where an egg and a sperm fuse to create a single cell, called a zygote.

Question 3

Zygote:

Answer 3

A single cell formed through fertilization
- 23 pairs of chromosomes
- one chromosome for ear pair comes from the mother’s egg and the other from the fathers sperm.

Question 4

Genetic imprinting:

Answer 4

Occurs when genes have differing effects depending on whether they are inherited from the mother or the father

Question 5

Polygenic inheritance:

Answer 5

Occurs when most characteristics are determined by the interaction of many different genes

Question 6

Gene-gene interaction:

Answer 6

Describes studies that focus on the interdependence of two or more genes.

Question 7

Mutated gene:

Answer 7

Permanently altered segment of DNA that can give rise to genetic variability. EX: Down syndrome, color blind

Question 8

Ultrasound sonography:

Answer 8

High frequency sound waves for prenatal diagnosis

Question 9

A fetal MRI:

Answer 9

Uses powerful magnet and radio images to generate detailed images of the body’s organ and structures

Question 10

Infertility:

Answer 10

The inability to conceive after 12 months of regular intercourse without contraception

Can be in women or men

Question 11

IVF:

Answer 11

Female eggs harvested and combined with dad’s sperm and placed in mom’s uterus

One result of treatment is an increased likelihood of multiple births

Question 12

Adoption:

Answer 12

The social and legal process by which a parent-child relationship is established between persons unrelated at birth

• US average: $60-70k

Internationally adopted adults are at a higher risk for mental health issues, however they are much better than those in long term foster care

• international average: $20-40k

Question 13

Closed adoption:

Answer 13

No contact with biological parents

Question 14

Behavior genetics:

Answer 14

The field that seeks to discover the influence of heredity and environment on individual differences in human traits and development.

Question 15

Twin study:

Answer 15

A study in which the behavioral similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins

Question 16

Adoption study:

Answer 16

A study in which investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents or more like their biological parents

Question 17

Passive genotype:

Answer 17

Association between the genotype a child inherits from his or her parents and the environment in which the child is raised

Question 18

Evocative genotype:

Answer 18

Association between an individuals genetically influence behavior and others reactions to that behavior

Question 19

Active (niche picking):

Answer 19

Children actively seek our “niches” in their environment that reflect their own interests and talents and are thus in accord with their genotype.

Question 20

Epigenetic view:

Answer 20

Emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between heredity and environment

Question 21

Gene x environment ( interaction):

Answer 21

The interaction of a specific measured variation in the DNA and a specific measured aspect of the environment.

EX: the child of an NBA player would probably be exposed to basketball from an early age. Such exposure might allow the child to realize his/her full genetic, athletic potential.