Chapter 2 Flashcards
What was Indian National Congress?
Indian National Congress was a political party organized in 1885.
It was founded by a retired British Civil Servant Allan Octavian Hume.
Vamesh Chandra Banerji was first president of the organization.
Jawahrial Nehru was its first prime minister.
What are the services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan?
Sir Syed Ahmed, most Muslim leader of the time, aimed to improve the educational situation of the Muslims of the time. Sir Syed believed that Muslims should adopt the modern British Education System. To educate the Muslims of India Sir Syed established many education institutes. Mohammadan Anglo Oriental (MAO) School Aligarh, established in 1875. Two years later, It was upgraded to Mohammadan Anglo Oriental College in 1877. Mohammadan Educational Conference was instituted in 1886.
Sir Syed also published a magazine, “Tehzeeb Ul Akhlaaq”, which served as his organ of social reform.
Inspired by Sir Syed’s vision to uplift educational standard of Muslims, many other educational institutes were opened like Islamia College (In Lahore and Peshawar) and Madrassa tul Islam in Karachi.
What were the claims of the Congress?
Congress claimed to be an organization meant to represent the entire Indian population. It further claimed that it will look after the interests of all communities, whatever caste, religion, creed, they belonged to.
Write about Partition of Bengal 1905
Bengal was a vast province of British India. It was very difficult for a single governor to manage such vast province and its remote parts from capital Calcutta. Therefore, in 19 July 1905, viceroy Lord Curzen decided to partition the province to two different provinces. This was done purely on administrative grounds.
One of the province had overwhelmingly Muslim population. Hindus were outraged by the partition and anti-partition extremists started terrorism to force the partition to be annulled. The government was cowed and annulled the partition in 1911.
These events showed the Muslims that they could trust neither the Hindus nor the Brits for protection of their rights.
Write about All India Muslim League
AIML for short. Founded in Dhaka on 30 Dec 1906.
Prime Objective was to safegaurd and protect the interests of the indian Muslims and to convey their demands to the Brits through constitutional means.
Second object was to foster goodwill and understanding with the other political parties.
AIML aimed to not indulge in politics of agitation. However, following sequence of events made the Brits lose trust in eyes of Muslims.
> The partition of Bengal was annulled in 1911 and was declared “settled matter”.
> On 13 Aug 1913, many Muslims were killed at Cawnpore, these Muslims were expressing their grief over demolition of a part of Mosque.
> Brits had the Anti-Khilafat policy against Turkey which could destroy Turkish Empire.
> Italy occupied Tripoli which was a strategic part of Turkish empire. Italian troops committed Indiscriminate slaughter of the Muslim population.
> Muslims observed these developments very keenly and were gloomy and depressed over the plight of their muslim brethren and were infuriated against the btis.
Deliverance Day
22 December 1939
Lahore Resolution
22-24 March 1940
Important point of Lahore res
Geographically contiguous units be demarcated into region … in which the Muslims are numerically a majority, as in the north-western and eastern zones of India, should be grouped to constitute independent states in which the constituent units shall be autonomous and sovereign.
Muslim government in election of 1945
The Muslim league was able to govern all Muslim majority provinces except Punjab and NWFP. in Punjab, the government supported Unionist Party; Khizar Hayat Tiwana was able to form government with the help of Sikhs and congress. Congress government in NWFP was headed by Dr Khan Sahib;.
