Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NCM100 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Theory Construction Approaches

A
  1. Inductive Approach
  2. Deductive Approach
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

This indicates that scientific knowledge can only be derived from sensory experience. Which theory construction approach is this?

A

Inductive Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Scientific truth is discovered through the generalization of observed facts in the natural world. Which theory construction approach is this?

A

Inductive Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Collection of facts precedes attempts to formulate generalizations.

A

Inductive Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

RESEARCH – THEN – THEORY approach

A

Inductive Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common approach to theory building.

A

Inductive Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Draw generalizations from research findings or empirical observations.

A

Inductive approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The theory can then be used to guide further research, which in turn tests the theory & determines whether or not the generalizations holds true over time.

A

Inductive approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Advances in biological science would develop through systematic observation of objects & events in the natural world. Which approach is this?

A

Deductive Approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

THEORY – THEN – RESEARCH approach

A

Deductive approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

If research findings fail to correspond with theoretical assertions additional research is done or modifications are made & further tests are devised, otherwise, the theory is discarded. Which theory construction approach is this?

A

Deductive approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Major Contributions in the Historical Development of Theory in Nursing

A
  1. Florence Nightingale
  2. The Columbia Theorists, 1950s
  3. The Yale Theorists, 1960s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the stages in the development of nursing theory?

A
  1. Silent knowledge
  2. Received knowledge
  3. Subjective knowledge
  4. Procedural knowledge
  5. Constructed knowledge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the approaches to theory development?

A
  1. Theory - Practice - Theory (Borrowed or shared theory)
  2. Practice theory (Grounded theory)
  3. Research theory (Scientific theory)
  4. Theory - Research - Theory (Theory testing)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the levels of theory?

A
  1. Descriptive Theory
  2. Correlational Theory
  3. Explanatory Theory
  4. Predictive Theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Enumerate the scopes of theory.

A
  1. Metatheory
  2. Grand theory
  3. Middle-Range theories
  4. Practice theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Identify the components of a theory.

A
  1. Clarity
  2. Simplicity
  3. Generality
  4. Empirical Precision/Testability
  5. Derivable Consequences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This presents the first theory of nursing.

A

Florence Nightingale’s notes on nursing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Focuses on the manipulation of the environment for the benefits of the patient.

A

Florence Nightingale’s theory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Columbia Theorists, 1950s. Which university developed graduate education programs?

A

Columbia University Teacher’s College

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The first theoretical conceptualizations of nursing science came from where? Who were the theorists?

A

The graduates of the COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY’S TEACHERS COLLEGE graduate program. They were Peplau, Henderson, Hall, and Abdellah.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Operated from a biomedical model that focused primarily on what the nurses do. They considered patient problems & needs.

A

The Columbia Theorists, 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Theoretical thinking in nursing moved from focusing on a problem or need & the functional roles to focusing on the relationship between the nurse & the patient. (HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORY)

A

The Yale Theorists, 1960s. Henderson, Orlando, Weidenbach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Theorists of Yale school view nursing as a ______. Looked at how nurses do what they do, & how the patient perceives his/her situation.

A

process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who were the two philosophers and a nurse that had presented a definition of nursing theory & goals for theory development in nursing?

A

1976 Yale faculty - Dickoff, James, & Wiedenbach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Their paper was published in ______ a year later & has become a classic document in the history of theoretical thinking in nursing. Who were they?

A

Nursing Research. 1976 Yale faculty - Dickoff, James, & Wiedenbach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

blind obedience to medical authority

A

Silent knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

learning through listening to others

A

Received knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

authority was internalized and a new sense of self emerged.

A

Subjective knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

includes both separate and connected knowledge (STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORY)

A

procedural knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Integration of different types of knowledge
(intuition reason & self – knowledge)

A

Constructed knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

There was little attempt to develop theory. Research was limited only to the collection of data.

A

Silent knowledge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Research was primarily educational research or sociologic research. Theories were borrowed from other disciplines. (STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORY)

A

Received knowledge

34
Q

A negative attitude toward borrowed theories & science emerged. Nurse scholars focused on defining nursing and on developing theories about and for nursing. (STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORY)

A

Subjective knowledge

35
Q

Nursing research focused on the nurse rather than on clients and clinical situations. (STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF NURSING THEORIES)

A

Subjective knowledge

36
Q

There was a proliferation of approaches to theory development.

A

Procedural knowledge

37
Q

Application of theory in practice was frequently underemphasized. Emphasis was placed on the procedures used to acquire knowledge with over attention to the appropriateness of methodology

A

Procedural knowledge

38
Q

Nursing theory should be based on prior empirical studies, theoretical literature client reports of clinical experiences & feelings & the nurse scholar’s intuition of related knowledge about the phenomenon of concern.

A

Constructed knowledge

39
Q

Approaches to Theory Development. Theories select a non-nursing theory.

A

Theory - Practice - Theory (Borrowed or shared theory.

40
Q

Approaches to the Development of Nursing Theories. Researcher observed phenomenon of interest analyses similarities & differences, compares & contrasts responses & develops concepts & linkages

A

Practice theory (Grounded theory)

41
Q

Researcher selects a phenomenon. Lists & measures characteristics of the phenomenon in a variety of situations. Analyses the data to determine if there are points that need further study & formulates patterns as theoretical statements.

A

Research Theory (Scientific theory)

42
Q

Theorists define a theory & determines theory testing. The theory is modified, refined, or further developed based on research findings. (APPROACHES TO THEORY DEVELOPMENT)

A

Theory - Research - Theory (Theory testing)

43
Q

Defines or describes something
Merely names a concept
May describe a process
E.g. Kubler – Ross

A

Descriptive theory

44
Q

Descriptive nursing theory would provide definitions of concepts such as:

A

Client
Health
Nursing as in Peplau’s work

45
Q

Relates two variables but does not indicate which variable cause the other.
Not very common
They tend to be a transitional phase in theory development process

A

Correlational theory

46
Q

Attempts to describe how or why the concepts are related.
It specifies the associations or relationships among concepts
E.g. theoretical framework or models by Johnson, King, Orem

A

Explanatory theory

47
Q

Is achieved when the conditions under which concepts are related are stated & the relational statements are able to describe future outcomes consistently.
E.g. Han’s Selye – theory of stress & the GAS (general adaptation syndrome) (LEVELS OF THEORY)

A

Predictive theory

48
Q

To describe the philosophical basis of discipline

A

Metatheory

49
Q

Refers to a theory about theory

A

Metatheory

50
Q

Focuses on broad issue such as processes of generating knowledge & theory development & it is a forum for debate within the discipline. (SCOPE OF THEORY)

A

Metatheory

51
Q

To describe comprehensive conceptual frameworks (SCOPE OF THEORY)

A

Grand theory

52
Q

most complex and broadest in scope

A

Grand theory

53
Q

Comprised of relatively abstract concepts that lack operational definitions

A

Grand theory

54
Q

Their propositions are also abstract & are not generally amenable for testing
E.g. (Orem, Roy, Rogers) theory in nursing

A

Grand theory

55
Q

Lies between nursing models & concrete ideas

A

Middle-Range theories

56
Q

Substantively specific & encompass a limited number of concepts & a limited aspect of the real world (SCOPE OF THEORY)

A

Middle-Range theories

57
Q

social support, quality of life, & health promotion models (scope of theory)

A

Middle-Range theories

58
Q

also called micro theories, prescriptive theories, or situation specific theories & are the least complex.

A

Practice theory

59
Q

Narrow in scope, explain a small aspect of reality & tend to be prescriptive. (SCOPE OF THEORY)

A

Practice theory

60
Q

Usually limited to a specific population or fields of practice & often use knowledge from other disciplines.

A

Practice theory

61
Q

Criteria for evaluating the theoretical work.

A

Components of Theory

62
Q

Analysis, critique & evaluation of the theoretical works.

A

Components of a Theory

63
Q

This process is very useful in learning about the theory. It is very useful for the nurse scientist who intend to test, expand, or extend the theoretical works.

A

Components of a Theory

64
Q

The areas that need further investigations are discovered through the process of critique or analysis.

A
65
Q

Concepts & their definitions often have multiple meanings within the discipline & and other disciplines, therefore words should be carefully defined. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Clarity

66
Q

A theory should be sufficiently comprehensive & at a level of abstraction to provide guidance. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Simplicity

67
Q

It should have few concepts as possible with simplistic relations to aid clarity
The most useful theory provides the greatest sense of understanding (Reynolds). (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Simplicity

68
Q

To determine the generality of a theory the scope of contents & goals within the theory are examined. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Generality

69
Q

The more limited the concepts & goals, the less general the theory. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Generality

70
Q

The situations that the theory applies to should not be limited. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Generality

71
Q

What question should the component of generality answer to?

A

How general is the theory?

72
Q

What question(s) should the component of clarity answer to?

A

(1) How clear is the theory?
(2) Are major concepts and their definitions identified?

73
Q

What question should the component of simplicity answer to?

A

How simple is the theory?

74
Q

What question should the component of empirical precision/testability answer to?

A

How accessible is this theory?

75
Q

What question should the component of derivable consequences answer to?

A

How important is this theory?

76
Q

________ is linked to testability & ultimate use of a theory.

A

Empirical precision

77
Q

It refers to the extent that the defined concepts are grounded in observable reality. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Empirical precision/testability

78
Q

How well the evidence support the theory is indicative of ________. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

empirical adequacy

79
Q

There should be a match between theoretical claims & the empirical evidence. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Empirical precision/testability

80
Q

If research, theory & practice are to be meaningfully related, then nursing theory should lend itself to research testing. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Derivable consequences

81
Q

Research testing should lead to knowledge that guide practice. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Derivable consequences

82
Q

For a theory to be considered useful, it is essential for theory to develop & guide practice. (COMPONENTS OF A THEORY)

A

Derivable consequences

NCM100 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions