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NCM100 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

An abstract word that conveys a mental image of a phenomena. It also denotes names, labels, or categories for objects, persons, or events, derived from one’s perceptual experience.

A

CONCEPT

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2
Q

a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen.

A

PHENOMENON

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3
Q

________ is the building block of theory.

A

CONCEPT

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4
Q

All concepts are _______, ________ that persons interpret according to their perceptions and experiences.

A

intangible, descriptive terms

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5
Q

Concepts must be specifically defined because…

A

people have different meanings for them.

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6
Q

A group of concepts or ideas that are related, but the relationship is not clear or explicit.

A

CONCEPTUAL MODEL

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7
Q

Set of concepts, where the relational statements that explains the connection between concepts are unclear or obscure

A

Conceptual Model/Framework

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8
Q

The most abstract level of knowledge is known as…

A

METAPARADIGM

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9
Q

It specifies the main concepts that encompasses the subject matter.

A

METAPARADIGM

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10
Q

the next knowledge level from metaparadigm

A

Philosophy

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11
Q

It specifies the definitions of the metaparadigm concepts in each of the conceptual model.

A

Philosophy

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12
Q

It is the theorist viewpoint (what the theorist assumes, believes, & values or hold to be true)

A

Philosophy

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13
Q

These are beliefs which may have been tested or accepted as given in other theories.

A

Assumptions

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14
Q

The basis of the theorist view & serve as a point of reference. (CONCEPTUAL MODELS)

A

Assumptions

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15
Q

Consists of a set of defined concepts & a systematic relational statements.

A

Theory

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16
Q

A set of concepts, definitions, & propositions that project a systematic view of phenomena by designating specific interrelationships among concepts.

A

Theory

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17
Q

Before 1960’s nursing was primarily derived from…

A

social, biological, and medical theories

18
Q

Nursing theory had its beginnings with the publication of _______’s work.

A

Hildegard Peplau, 1952

19
Q

Hildegard Peplau’s work was described as…

A

IPR - INTERPERSONAL PROCESS between nurse and patient

20
Q

The nature of the nurse’s role came under scrutiny as nursing leaders debated the nature of nursing practice thus started theory development.

A

1952 Hildegard Peplau. IPR - interpersonal process between nurse and patient

21
Q

Thereafter, several nurse leaders namely _________ developed & published their views of nursing.

A

Abdellah
Orlando
Weidenbach
Hall
Henderson
Levine & Rogers

22
Q

(The Columbia Theorists, 1950s) Their descriptions of nursing & nursing models evolved from their:

A

personal,
educational, and
professional experiences

23
Q

During _______, a consensus developed among nursing leaders that the common elements of nursing include:

A

the 70s,
(1) The nature of nursing (nurse’s roles/actions)
(2) The individual recipient of care (client)
(3) The context of nurse – client interaction (environment)
(4) Health

24
Q

Nurses debated whether there should be one conceptual model of nursing or several models to describe the relationships among them:
1. Nurse
2. Client
3. Environment
4. Health

A
25
Q

PERSON, WHO IS THE CLIENT?

A

(1) Usually the recipient of nursing care
(2) An individual, family, or community
(3) A person in need
(4) With impaired health status
(5) With self-care deficit
(6) An adaptive person capable of change
(7) Client
(8) Care recipients

26
Q

NURSING (What is the nature of nursing?)

A

(1) As a helping discipline which may involve cognitive acts, behavioral tasks, or interpersonal relationships between the nurse & the client.
(2) The nurse may act on the client’s behalf or mutually with the client or may teach the client how to carry out certain activities.
(3) Nursing role = self-care agent
= as reducing the client’s problems

27
Q

HEALTH (What is the meaning of Health?)

A

Some theorist describe health – illness continuum, whereas others refer only ill health or presence of health problem.

Some see health as a dynamic process that change over time & varies with circumstances.

Others view health as interdependent with the changing environment, or as a process that the person has some control over.

28
Q

ENVIRONMENT (Where the nurse – client interaction occur?)

A

(1) Central arena of nursing
(2) The area of interchange with the client in the health setting
(3) Some limit the scope of nursing practice to hospital settings or outpatient clinics, whereas others include community and some place put no restrictions or limits.

29
Q

METHODS USED TO DEVELOP NURSING MODELS:

A

(1) advanced education
(2) borrow theories from other discipline
(3) expansion or extension of theories from other discipline

30
Q

Problems encountered with the methods used in developing nursing theories

A
  1. Borrowing theories from other discipline was criticized as lacking of originality & novelty.
  2. Argument that the current nursing models inadequately address the whole client.
  3. Nursing models are relatively underdeveloped. May be related to lack of clarity about what constitutes theory.
31
Q

With recognition of the importance that theory plays in developing a scientific discipline, & the awareness that theories in other disciplines were insufficient to describe nursing, then, NURSES BEGAN TO DEVELOP THEIR OWN THEORIES.

A
32
Q

Purposes of Nursing Theories in EDUCATION

A
  1. To provide general focus for curricular design.
  2. Guide curricular decision – making.
  3. To elucidate the main meanings of the profession
  4. To gain status of nursing profession in comparison with other profession
33
Q

Purposes of Nursing Theories in RESEARCH

A
  1. Can help generate new ideas, research questions & interpretations.
  2. Provide an essential means to identify gaps
  3. Serves as springboard for nursing research through theory building & their application in problem solving.
  4. Offer systematic approach to identify questions for study.
34
Q

Purposes of Nursing Theories in CLINICAL PRACTICE

A
  1. Assists nurses to describe, explain, predict everyday experiences in the practice of nursing.
  2. Serve to guide assessment, intervention, & evaluation of nursing care.
  3. Provide rationale for collecting reliable & valid data about the health status of clients, which are essential for effective decision – making & implementation.
  4. Help to establish criteria to measure the quality of nursing care.
  5. Help build a common nursing terminology to use in communicating with other health professionals.
  6. Enhance autonomy (independence, self – governance) of nursing through defining its own independent functions.
35
Q

What are the conceptual models?

A
  1. Metaparadigm
  2. Philosophy
  3. Assumptions
  4. Theory
36
Q

Themes as to the nature of nursing evolved

A
  • described as an interpersonal process
  • as meeting of client’s needs
  • as providing nursing care
37
Q

by undergoing formal training; advance studies like master’s degree and doctorate degree

A

Advanced Education

38
Q

by copying from other theories (METHODS USED TO DEVELOP NURSING MODELS)

A

Borrow theories from other discipline

39
Q

by further explaining or developing a theory that is already accepted or known. (METHODS USED TO DEVELOP NURSING MODELS)

A

Expansion or Extension of Theories in other discipline

40
Q

Common Elements of Nursing

A

(1) The nature of nursing (nursing action/roles)
(2) The individual recipient of care (client)
(3) The context of nurse-client interaction (environment)
(4) Health

NCM100 (2 decks)

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